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if for any reason you cannot go

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1 circunstancia

circunstancia sustantivo femenino 1 ( particularidad):
◊ si por alguna circunstancia no puede ir if for any reason you cannot go;
se da la circunstancia de que … as it happens …; bajo ninguna circunstancia under no circumstances 2
◊ circunstancias sustantivo femenino plural ( situación) circumstances (pl);
dadas las circunstancias given the circumstances; debido a sus circunstancias familiares due to her family situation
circunstancia sustantivo femenino circumstance
bajo ninguna circunstancia, under no circumstances ' circunstancia' also found in these entries: Spanish: caso - coyuntura - estado - mediar - mera - mero - ocasión - realidad - trance - excepcional - oportunidad - paternidad - posibilidad English: aggravating - aggravation - circumstance

English-spanish dictionary > circunstancia
2 know

I 1. [nəʊ]
verbo transitivo (pass. knew; p.pass. known)

1) (have knowledge of) conoscere [person, place, situation, system]; sapere, conoscere [answer, language, name, reason, truth, way]

to know sb. by name, sight — conoscere qcn. di nome, di vista

to know sth. by heart — sapere qcs. a memoria

to know how to do — sapere fare; (stressing method) sapere come fare

to know that... — sapere che...

you know what children are — sai come sono i bambini

to know sb., sth. as — conoscere qcn., qcs. come

Virginia known as Ginny to her friends — Virginia o Ginny per gli amici

to let it be known o to make it known that fare sapere che; it has been known to snow there hanno detto che lì nevica; if I know him se lo conosco; he is known to the police è conosciuto dalla polizia; as you well know come ben sai; (do) you know something? do you know what? (ma lo) sai? there's no knowing whether non si può sapere se; to know one's way around fig. sapersi togliere dagli impicci; to know one's way around a town sapersi orientare in una città; to know one's way around a computer sapersela cavare con i computer; I know what! you could... ho un'idea! potresti...; he knows nothing about it — non ne sa niente

2) (feel certain) essere sicuro, sapere

I knew it! — lo sapevo!

I don't know that I want to go really — non sono sicuro di volerci andare veramente

3) (realize) rendersi conto

you don't know how pleased I am — non sai quanto mi faccia piacere

don't I know it! — a chi lo dici!

4) (recognize) riconoscere (by, from da)

only their parents know one from the other — solo i genitori riescono a distinguerli

she knows a bargain when she sees one — sa riconoscere quando si tratta di un vero affare

"you are a stupid" "it takes one to know one" — "sei uno stupido" "tra stupidi ci si riconosce"

5) (acknowledge)

to be known for sth., for doing — essere conosciuto per qcs., per fare

6) (experience) conoscere [sadness, love]
2.
verbo intransitivo (pass. knew; p.pass. known)

1) (have knowledge) sapere, conoscere

as you know — come sapete

I wouldn't know — non saprei

to know about — (have information) essere al corrente di [ event]; (have skill) conoscere [computing, engines]

to know of — (from experience) conoscere; (from information) avere sentito parlare di

not that I know of — non che io sappia

to let sb. know of o about mettere qcn. a conoscenza di [ plans]; we'll let you know vi faremo sapere; how should I know! come faccio a saperlo! if you must know se proprio vuoi saperlo; if I were angry with you, you'd know about it se fossi arrabbiato con te, te ne accorgeresti; you know better than to argue with him hai di meglio da fare che metterti a discutere con lui; you ought to have known better non avresti dovuto farlo; he says he came home early but I know better — dice che è arrivato a casa presto ma conoscendolo non ci credo

2) (feel certain)

"he won't win" - "oh I don't know" — "non vincerà" - "non ne sono sicuro"

"I'll take the morning off" - "I don't know about that!" — "mi prenderò mezza giornata" - "non ne sarei così sicuro!"

I don't know about you but... — non so cosa ne pensi, ma

••

not to know what to do with oneself — non sapere cosa fare della propria vita

not to know where o which way to turn non sapere da che parte voltarsi; not to know whether one is coming or going — non sapere più che cosa si sta facendo
II [nəʊ]
nome

to be in the know (about sth.) — colloq. essere al corrente (di qcs.)

* * *
[nəu]
past tense - knew; verb

1) (to be aware of or to have been informed about: He knows everything; I know he is at home because his car is in the drive; He knows all about it; I know of no reason why you cannot go.) sapere

2) (to have learned and to remember: He knows a lot of poetry.) conoscere

3) (to be aware of the identity of; to be friendly with: I know Mrs Smith - she lives near me.) conoscere

4) (to (be able to) recognize or identify: You would hardly know her now - she has become very thin; He knows a good car when he sees one.) riconoscere

•

- knowing
- knowingly
- know-all
- know-how
- in the know
- know backwards
- know better
- know how to
- know the ropes
* * *
know /nəʊ/
n.

– (nella loc. fam.) in the know, al corrente; bene informato; addentro nella faccenda.
♦ (to) know /nəʊ/
(pass. knew, p. p. known)

A v. t.

1 conoscere; sapere: to know languages, conoscere (o sapere) le lingue; Do you know German?, conosci (o sai) il tedesco?; to know the answer, conoscere (o sapere) la risposta; to know a subject, conoscere un argomento; to know one's job, conoscere il proprio mestiere; to know the time, sapere che ora è; conoscere l'ora; to know all the facts, conoscere (o essere a conoscenza di, sapere) tutti i fatti; to know damn well, sapere benissimo; Do you know his address?, conosci (o sai) il suo indirizzo?; Everybody knows that, lo sanno tutti; How do you know?, come lo sai?; come fai a saperlo?; I'll let you know, te lo farò sapere; I know he is a good boy, so che è un bravo ragazzo; Do you know how much it costs?, sai quanto costa?; I don't know when she's arriving, non so quando arriverà; I know what I'm doing, so quello che faccio; I know you won't disappoint me, so che non mi deluderai; I knew ( that) he would say that, sapevo che avrebbe detto così; to get to know, imparare a conoscere; conoscere meglio (o più a fondo); venire a sapere; I know how it works, so come funziona; He is known to be in favour of it, è noto (o risaputo) che lui è favorevole; His dog has been known to attack strangers, si sa che il suo cane ha assalito gente che non conosceva

2 conoscere: Do you know his wife [this book]?, conosci sua moglie [questo libro]?; the world as we know it, il mondo così come lo conosciamo; We've known each other for years, ci conosciamo da anni

3 riconoscere: I'd know him anywhere, lo riconoscerei dovunque (o fra mille); I know a good athlete when I see one, so riconoscere un buon atleta

4 capire; rendersi conto: I knew at once something was wrong, capii subito che c'era qualcosa che non andava

5 conoscere; sperimentare; fare esperienza di: I have known better days, ho conosciuto giorni migliori; He has known poverty, ha conosciuto la miseria

6 – to know how, sapere; essere capace di: Do you know how to open this box?, sai aprire (o sei capace di aprire, sai come si apre) questa scatola?; I would do it if I knew how ( o if I knew the way), lo farei se sapessi come si fa (o se ne fossi capace)

7 (saper) distinguere: to know right from wrong, distinguere tra il bene e il male (o la ragione dal torto)

8 (arc.) conoscere ( in senso biblico)

B v. i.

sapere di; conoscere; essere informato di; essere a conoscenza di; avere notizia di; aver sentito parlare di: I know of a few cases like this one, so di alcuni casi come questo; I know of her, but I've never met her, ne ho sentito parlare, ma non l'ho mai incontrata; Do you know of any reason why he should have done it?, hai qualche idea del perché l'abbia fatto?; not that I know of, che io sappia no; non che io sappia; non mi risulta

● to know again, riconoscere □ (fam.) to know all the answers, sapere tutto; saperla lunga; essere un sapientone □ to know all there is to know about st., sapere tutto su qc. □ to know apart, saper distinguere ( tra due) □ (fam.) to know st. backwards, conoscere qc. alla perfezione (o a menadito) □ to know best, sapere ciò che è meglio; essere il miglior giudice □ to know better, sapere che le cose stanno altrimenti (o che non è così); ( anche) avere più buon senso (o criterio), aver imparato la lezione: If I didn't know better, I'd say that…, se non sapessi che le cose stanno altrimenti, direi che…; You should have known better, avresti dovuto usare un po' più di buon senso; I'll know better next time, la prossima volta saprò come comportarmi; la prossima volta me ne guarderò bene; to know better than that, sapere che non è così; sapere che non si deve fare qc.; to know better than to do st., non essere così sciocco (o sprovveduto) da fare qc.; avere abbastanza criterio (o buon senso) da non fare qc.; sapere che non si deve fare qc.; not to know any better, non avere buon senso; essere uno sprovveduto; non sapere quello che si fa (per ignoranza, immaturità, ecc.) □ to know one's business, conoscere il proprio mestiere; sapere il fatto proprio □ to know st. by heart, sapere qc. a memoria □ to know sb. by name [by sight], conoscere q. di nome [di vista] □ to know different, sapere che non è così (o che le cose non stanno così); scoprire che non è così □ not to know the first thing about st., non sapere niente di qc.; non intendersene affatto di qc.; essere ignorantissimo di qc. □ to know sb. for, conoscere q. come: I know him for a very approachable man, lo conosco come una persona molto disponibile □ to know for a fact that…, sapere per certo (o con certezza) che… □ (fam. USA) not to know from st., non intendersene di qc.; non sapere niente di qc. □ (fam. USA) not to know from nothing ( about), non sapere (o capire) niente (di); non intendersi minimamente (di) □ (fam.) not to know sb. from Adam, non avere mai visto né conosciuto q.; non sapere che faccia ha q. □ (fam. GB) to know how many beans make five, sapere il fatto proprio; essere sveglio □ to know st. inside out, conoscere a fondo qc. □ to know st. like the back of one's hand, conoscere qc. come le proprie tasche □ to know one's own mind, sapere quel che si vuole □ to know no bounds, non conoscere limiti □ to know oneself, conoscere se stesso; conoscersi: I know myself, io mi conosco; io so come son fatto; Know thyself!, conosci te stesso! □ (fam.) to know one's onions, sapere il fatto proprio □ to know otherwise = to know different ► sopra □ to know one's place, saper stare al proprio posto □ to know the ropes, essere pratico di qc.; sapere come funziona qc. □ (fam.) to know one's stuff, sapere il fatto proprio □ (fam.) to know a thing or two, saperne qualcosa; intendersene; saperla lunga (su qc.) □ to know one's way around, conoscere la strada; sapersi orientare; (fig.) sapere come muoversi □ to know what it is like to…, sapere per esperienza personale cosa significhi… □ (fam.) to know what's what, sapere il fatto proprio □ (volg.) You know what you can do with it!, sai cosa puoi farci? □ not to know what to do with oneself, non sapere cosa fare; non sapere comportarsi □ (fam.) not to know what hit one, avere una brutta sopresa; restarci secco (fam.); ( anche) morire senza nemmeno accorgersene □ (fam. USA) to know where it's at, conoscere il mondo; saperla lunga □ (fam. USA) to know where sb. is coming from, sapere come ragiona q. □ not to know where (o which way) to look, non sapere dove guardare ( dall'imbarazzo); non sapere dove andare a nascondersi □ (fig.) not to know which way to turn, non sapere a che santo votarsi; non sapere dove sbattere la testa □ to know who's who, conoscere tutti ( in un posto); ( anche) sapere vita, morte e miracoli di tutti □ as far as I know, per quel che ne so; che io sappia □ As if I didn't know him!, come se non lo conoscessi! □ to be known as, essere considerato; aver fama di essere; ( anche) esser noto come, essere conosciuto col nome di: He is known as a good pianist, è considerato un bravo pianista; He's known as The Captain, è noto come ‘il Capitano’ □ (fam.) before you know where you are, prima che tu possa dire ‘beh’; in men che non si dica □ to do all one knows, fare tutto il possibile; fare del proprio meglio □ Don't I know it!, se lo so!; a chi lo dici! □ I don't know that…, non sono sicuro di…; non so se… □ for all I know, per quanto (o quel che) ne so □ for reasons best known to himself, per un motivo noto solo a lui (o che sa solo lui) □ God (o Goodness, heaven) knows, Dio sa; ( anche escl.) lo sa Dio (o Iddio, il Cielo) □ How should I know?, come faccio a saperlo?; che vuoi che ne sappia io? □ How was I to know?, come potevo saperlo?; come potevo immaginare? □ I'll have you know that…, sappi che…; per tua informazione…; o per tua norma e regola… □ I knew it!, lo sapevo!; me l'aspettavo! □ (fam.) I know what, ho un'idea; so io che cosa fare □ to let it be known, far sapere; rendere noto □ to make oneself known, farsi un nome, farsi conoscere □ (form.) to make oneself known to sb., presentarsi a q. □ to make it known that…, rendere noto che… □ She's very pretty and doesn't she know it!, è molto bella, e sa di esserlo □ You don't know how, non sai (o non puoi immaginare) quanto □ (fam.) not to want to know, disinteressarsi di qc.; ignorare qc.; infischiarsene □ (fam.) What do you know ( about that)!, senti senti!; ma pensa un po'! □ Wouldn't you ( just) know?, lo sapevo io!; ci mancava questa! □ Wouldn't you like to know?, ti piacerebbe saperlo, eh! □ (fam.) you know (o, antiq., don't you know), sai ( come inter.) □ (fam.) You know what (o something)?, sai che ti dico?; sai una cosa? □ You never know, non si sa mai □ You never know your luck!, non si sa mai!; magari succede; può anche andare bene!

* * *
I 1. [nəʊ]
verbo transitivo (pass. knew; p.pass. known)

1) (have knowledge of) conoscere [person, place, situation, system]; sapere, conoscere [answer, language, name, reason, truth, way]

to know sb. by name, sight — conoscere qcn. di nome, di vista

to know sth. by heart — sapere qcs. a memoria

to know how to do — sapere fare; (stressing method) sapere come fare

to know that... — sapere che...

you know what children are — sai come sono i bambini

to know sb., sth. as — conoscere qcn., qcs. come

Virginia known as Ginny to her friends — Virginia o Ginny per gli amici

to let it be known o to make it known that fare sapere che; it has been known to snow there hanno detto che lì nevica; if I know him se lo conosco; he is known to the police è conosciuto dalla polizia; as you well know come ben sai; (do) you know something? do you know what? (ma lo) sai? there's no knowing whether non si può sapere se; to know one's way around fig. sapersi togliere dagli impicci; to know one's way around a town sapersi orientare in una città; to know one's way around a computer sapersela cavare con i computer; I know what! you could... ho un'idea! potresti...; he knows nothing about it — non ne sa niente

2) (feel certain) essere sicuro, sapere

I knew it! — lo sapevo!

I don't know that I want to go really — non sono sicuro di volerci andare veramente

3) (realize) rendersi conto

you don't know how pleased I am — non sai quanto mi faccia piacere

don't I know it! — a chi lo dici!

4) (recognize) riconoscere (by, from da)

only their parents know one from the other — solo i genitori riescono a distinguerli

she knows a bargain when she sees one — sa riconoscere quando si tratta di un vero affare

"you are a stupid" "it takes one to know one" — "sei uno stupido" "tra stupidi ci si riconosce"

5) (acknowledge)

to be known for sth., for doing — essere conosciuto per qcs., per fare

6) (experience) conoscere [sadness, love]
2.
verbo intransitivo (pass. knew; p.pass. known)

1) (have knowledge) sapere, conoscere

as you know — come sapete

I wouldn't know — non saprei

to know about — (have information) essere al corrente di [ event]; (have skill) conoscere [computing, engines]

to know of — (from experience) conoscere; (from information) avere sentito parlare di

not that I know of — non che io sappia

to let sb. know of o about mettere qcn. a conoscenza di [ plans]; we'll let you know vi faremo sapere; how should I know! come faccio a saperlo! if you must know se proprio vuoi saperlo; if I were angry with you, you'd know about it se fossi arrabbiato con te, te ne accorgeresti; you know better than to argue with him hai di meglio da fare che metterti a discutere con lui; you ought to have known better non avresti dovuto farlo; he says he came home early but I know better — dice che è arrivato a casa presto ma conoscendolo non ci credo

2) (feel certain)

"he won't win" - "oh I don't know" — "non vincerà" - "non ne sono sicuro"

"I'll take the morning off" - "I don't know about that!" — "mi prenderò mezza giornata" - "non ne sarei così sicuro!"

I don't know about you but... — non so cosa ne pensi, ma

••

not to know what to do with oneself — non sapere cosa fare della propria vita

not to know where o which way to turn non sapere da che parte voltarsi; not to know whether one is coming or going — non sapere più che cosa si sta facendo
II [nəʊ]
nome

to be in the know (about sth.) — colloq. essere al corrente (di qcs.)

English-Italian dictionary > know
3 _різне

aim at the stars, but keep your feet on the ground all are not thieves that dogs bark at all cats are grey in the dark all roads lead to Rome always lend a helping hand among the blind the one-eyed man is king as the days grow longer, the storms are stronger at a round table, there is no dispute of place a bad excuse is better than none a bad vessel is seldom broken be just before you're generous be just to all, but trust not all the best things come in small packages the best way to resist temptation is to give in to it better alone than in bad company better an empty house than a bad tenant better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion better ride an ass that carries me than a horse that throws me better to beg than to steal, but better to work than to beg better a tooth out than always aching between two stools one goes to the ground a bird may be known by its flight a bird never flew on one wing a bit in the morning is better than nothing all day a bleating sheep loses a bite a blind man would be glad to see a blind man needs no looking glass bread always falls buttered side down a burden which one chooses is not felt butter to butter is no relish cast no dirt in the well that gives you water the chain is no stronger than its weakest link a change is as good as a rest Christmas comes but once a year circumstances after cases cleanliness is next to godliness the cobbler's wife is the worst shod a cold hand, a warm heart comparisons are odious consistency is a jewel consideration is half of conversation a creaking door hangs long on its hinges desperate diseases must have desperate remedies the devil looks after his own diamond cut diamond dirt shows the quickest on the cleanest cotton discontent is the first step in progress do as you would be done by dog does not eat dog a dog that will fetch a bone will carry a bone a dog will not cry if you beat him with a bone do not spoil the ship for a ha'porth of tar do not throw pearls before swine do your best and leave the rest with God do your duty and be afraid of none don't be a yes-man don't cut off your nose to spite your face don't drown yourself to save a drowning man don't look a gift horse in the mouth don't spur a willing horse don't strike a man when he is down don't swap the witch for the devil eagles don't catch flies eagles fly alone, but sheep flock together the English are a nation of shopkeepers even a stopped clock is right twice a day every cock sings in his own way every fish that escapes seems greater than it is every man is a pilot in a calm sea every medal has its reverse side every thing comes to a man who does not need it every tub smells of the wine it holds evil communications corrupt good manners the exception proves the rule exchange is no robbery extremes meet facts are stubborn things familiarity breeds contempt fast bind, fast find fields have eyes, and woods have ears fight fire with fire figure on the worst but hope for the best fingers were made before forks the fire which lights us at a distance will burn us when near the first shall be last and the last, first follow your own star forbearance is no acquittance the fox knows much, but more he that catches him from the day you were born till you ride in a hearse, there's nothing so bad but it might have been worse from the sweetest wine, the tartest vinegar fruit is golden in the morning, silver at noon, and lead at night gambling is the son of avarice and the father of despair the game is not worth the candles a gentleman never makes any noise the gift bringer always finds an open door the giver makes the gift precious a good horse cannot be of a bad colour a good tale is none the worse for being twice told good riddance to bad rubbish the greatest right in the world is the right to be wrong the half is more than the whole half a loaf is better than no bread half an orange tastes as sweet as a whole one hawk will not pick out hawk's eyes the heart has arguments with which the understanding is unacquainted he may well swim that is held up by the chin he that doesn't respect, isn't respected he that lies down with dogs must rise with fleas he that would live at peace and rest must hear and see and say the best he who is absent is always in the wrong he who follows is always behind the higher the climb, the broader the view history is a fable agreed upon hitch your wagon to a star the ideal we embrace is our better self if a bee didn't have a sting, he couldn't keep his honey if a sheep loops the dyke, all the rest will follow I fear Greeks even when bringing gifts if each would sweep before his own door, we should have a clean city if the cap fits, wear it if the mountain will not come to Mohammed, Mohammed must go to the mountain if you cannot bite, never show your teeth if you cannot have the best, make the best of what you have if you cannot speak well of a person, don't speak of him at all if you leave your umbrella at home, it is sure to rain if you wish to see the best in others, show the best of yourself ill news travels fast ill weeds grow apace an inch breaks no square it always pays to be a gentleman it costs nothing to ask it is easier to descend than ascend it is easier to pull down than to build up it is good fishing in troubled waters it is idle to swallow the cow and choke on the tail it is the last straw that breaks the camel's back it is sometimes best to burn your bridges behind you it is well to leave off playing when the game is at the best it is not clever to gamble, but to stop playing it's a small world it takes all sorts to make a world it takes a thief to catch a thief jealousy is a green-eyed monster jealousy is a proof of self-love keep a dress seven years and it will come back into style keep no more cats than will catch mice kindle not a fire that you cannot extinguish kissing goes by favor jam tomorrow and jam yesterday, but never jam today a joy that's shared is a joy made double justice is blind lay not the load on the lame horse learn to creep before you leap let the cock crow or not, the day will come the longest road is sometimes the shortest way home lookers-on see most of the game man does not live by bread alone many are called but few are chosen many go out for wool and come home shorn many stumble at a straw and leap over a block men cease to interest us when we find their limitations a misty morn may have a fine day the mob has many heads but no brains the moon is not seen when the sun shines the more the merrier mountain has brought forth a mouse much water runs by the mill that the miller knows not of name not a halter in his house that hanged himself the nearer the bone, the sweeter the meat never be the first by whom the new is tried nor yet the last to lay the old aside never do anything yourself you can get somebody else to do never is a long time never let your left hand know what your right hand is doing never make a bargain with the devil on a dark day never quarrel with your bread and butter never tell tales out of school a nod's as good as a wink to a blind horse no joy without alloy no man is a hero to his valet no mud can soil us but the mud we throw no names, no pack-drill no news good news no one but the wearer knows where the shoe pinches none is so blind as they who will not see none of us is perfect nothing is certain but the unforeseen nothing is easy to the unwilling nothing is so good but it might have been better nothing is stolen without hands nothing new under the sun nothing seems quite as good as new after being broken an old poacher makes the best keeper once is no rule one dog barks at nothing, the rest bark at him one good turn deserves another one half of the world does not know how the other half lives one hand washes the other one man's meat is another man's poison one picture is worth ten thousand words one volunteer is worth two pressed men one whip is good enough for a good horse; for a bad one, not a thousand opposites attract each other the orange that is squeezed too hard yields a bitter juice other people's burdens killed the ass out of the mire into the swamp painted flowers have no scent paper is patient: you can put anything on it people condemn what they do not understand pigs might fly the pitcher goes often to the well please ever; tease never plenty is no plague the porcupine, whom one must handle gloved, may be respected but is never loved the proof of the pudding is in the eating the remedy is worse than the disease reopen not the wounds once healed a rolling stone gathers no moss the rotten apple injures its neighbors scratch my back and I shall scratch yours the sea refuses no river seize what is highest and you will possess what is in between seldom seen, soon forgotten silence scandal by scandal the sharper the storm, the sooner it's over the sheep who talks peace with a wolf will soon be mutton since we cannot get what we like, let us like what we can get small faults indulged in are little thieves that let in greater solitude is at times the best society some people are too mean for heaven and too good for hell the soul of a man is a garden where, as he sows, so shall he reap sour grapes can never make sweet wine sow a thought and reap an act the sow loves bran better than roses a stick is quickly found to beat a dog with still waters run deep stoop low and it will save you many a bump through life a straw shows which way the wind blows a stream cannot rise above its source the style is the man the sun loses nothing by shining into a puddle the sun shines on all the world the sun will shine down our street too sunday plans never stand suspicion may be no fault, but showing it may be a great one sweetest nuts have the hardest shells the tail cannot shake the dog take things as they are, not as you'd have them tastes differ there are more ways of killing a dog than hanging it there is always room at the top there is life in the old dog yet there is no rose without a thorn there is small choice in rotten apples there is truth in wine there's as good fish in the sea as ever came out of it they need much whom nothing will content they that dance must pay the fiddler they walk with speed who walk alone those who hide can find three removals are as bad as a fire to the pure all things are pure to work hard, live hard, die hard, and go to hell after all would be hard indeed too far east is west translation is at best an echo a tree is known by its fruit a tree often transplanted neither grows nor thrives two can play at that game two dogs over one bone seldom agree venture a small fish to catch a great one the voice with a smile always wins wear my shoes and you'll know where they pitch we weep when we are born, not when we die what can you have of a cat but her skin what can't be cured must be endured what matters to a blind man that his father could see what you lose on the swings, you gain on the roundabouts when all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail when a dog is drowning, everyone offers him drink when in doubt, do nowt when interest is lost, memory is lost when a man lays the foundation of his own ruin, others will build on it when a river does not make a noise, it is either empty or very full when the devil is dead, he never lacks a chief mourner when two ride on one horse one must sit behind where bees are, there is honey where it is weakest, there the thread breaks who seeks what he should not finds what he would not why keep a dog and bark yourself? a wonder lasts but nine days the worth of a thing is best known by its want the world is a ladder for some to go up and some down would you persuade, speak of interest, not of reason you buy land, you buy stones; you buy meat, you buy bones you can take a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink you can tell the day by the morning you cannot lose what you never had you cannot touch pitch and not be defiled you can't put new wine in old bottles you can't walk and look at the stars if you have a stone in your shoe your looking glass will tell you what none of your friends will zeal without knowledge is a runaway horse

English-Ukrainian dictionary of proverbs > _різне
4 know

nəu
past tense - knew; verb

1) (to be aware of or to have been informed about: He knows everything; I know he is at home because his car is in the drive; He knows all about it; I know of no reason why you cannot go.) saber, conocer

2) (to have learned and to remember: He knows a lot of poetry.) saber, conocer

3) (to be aware of the identity of; to be friendly with: I know Mrs Smith - she lives near me.) conocer

4) (to (be able to) recognize or identify: You would hardly know her now - she has become very thin; He knows a good car when he sees one.) reconocer

•

- knowing
- knowingly
- know-all
- know-how
- in the know
- know backwards
- know better
- know how to
- know the ropes

know vb

1. saber

I know where he lives sé donde vive

do you know what time it is? ¿sabes qué hora es?

I don't know any German no sé nada de alemán

he knows how to play the piano sabe tocar el piano

she knows a lot about computers sabe mucho de ordenadores

2. conocer

I know him quite well lo conozco bastante bien

do you know Madrid? ¿conoces Madrid?

El pasado de know es knew y el participio pasado es known

know

tr[nəʊ]

transitive verb (pt knew tr[njʊː], pp known tr[nəʊn])

1 (be acquainted with) conocer

■ do you know Colin? conoces a Colin?

■ we've known each other for years nos conocemos desde hace años

■ this building is known as "La Pedrera' este edificio se conoce como "La Pedrera"

■ their terrorist activities were known to the police la policía tenía conocimiento de sus actividades terroristas

2 (recognize) reconocer

■ I'd know him if I saw him again lo reconocería si lo volviera a ver

3 (have knowledge of) saber

■ I don't know the answer no sé la respuesta

■ do you know English? ¿sabes inglés?

■ do you know where the station is? ¿sabe dónde está la estación?

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

I know! ¡lo sé!, ¡ya lo sé!

who knows? ¿quién sabe?

as far as I know que yo sepa

for all I know ¡vete a saber!

■ he could be dead for all I know podría estar muerto, ¡vete a saber!

don't I know it! ¿y me lo dices a mí?, ¡ni que lo digas!

how should I know? ¿yo qué sé?

if only I'd known! ¡haberlo sabido!

not that I know of que yo sepa, no

to know apart saber distinguir

■ they're so similar that I never know them apart se parecen tanto que no los sé distinguir

to know... from... distinguir entre... y...

you know what? ¿sabes qué?

you never know nunca se sabe

I know what! ¡ya lo tengo!

I might've known debí imaginármelo

to be in the know estar enterado,-a

to get to know somebody (llegar a) conocer a alguien

you know best tú sabes mejor que yo, sabes lo que más te conviene

to know better tener más juicio

■ you ought to know better at your age! ¡a tu edad deberías saber comportarte mejor!

to know by sight conocer de vista

to know how to do something saber hacer algo

to know what one's talking about hablar con conocimiento de causa

to make oneself known presentarse, darse a conocer

don't know (in survey) persona que no sabe, no contesta

know ['no:] v, knew ['nu:, 'nju:] ; known ['no:n] ; knowing vt

1) : saber

he knows the answer: sabe la respuesta

2) : conocer (a una persona, un lugar)

do you know Julia?: ¿conoces a Julia?

3) recognize: reconocer

4) discern, distinguish: distinguir, discernir

5)

to know how to : saber

I don't know how to dance: no sé bailar

know vi

: saber

know

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: knew, known) = conocer v.

(§pres: conozco, conoces...)

• reconocer v.

(§pres: reconozco, reconoces...)

• saber v.

(§pres: sé, sabes...) subj: sep-

pret: sup-

fut/c: sabr-•)

I
1. nəʊ
(past knew; past p known) transitive verb

1)

a) (have knowledge of, be aware of) saber*

I don't know his name/how old he is — no sé cómo se llama/cuántos años tiene

to know something ABOUT something — saber* algo de algo

not to know the first thing about something — no saber* nada or no tener* ni idea de algo

I knew it! you've changed your mind! — ya sabía yo que ibas a cambiar de idea!

how was I to know that... ? — ¿cómo iba yo a saber que... ?

I should have known this would happen — tenía que haber(me) imaginado que iba a pasar esto

I don't know that I agree/that I'll be able to come — no sé si estoy de acuerdo/si podré ir

I'll have you know that... — has de saber que..., para que sepas,...

you know what he's like — ya sabes cómo es (él), ya lo conoces

before I knew where I was, it was ten o'clock — cuando quise darme cuenta, eran las diez

it is well known that... — todo el mundo sabe que...

it soon became known that... — pronto se supo que...

to be known to + INF: he's known to be dangerous se sabe que es peligroso; I know that for a fact me consta que es así; to let somebody know something decirle* algo a alguien, hacerle* saber or comunicarle* algo a alguien (frml); ( warn) avisarle algo a alguien; let me know how much it's going to cost dime cuánto va a costar; he let it be known that... dio a entender que...; to make something known to somebody hacerle* saber algo a alguien; without our knowing it sin saberlo nosotros, sin que lo supiéramos; there's no knowing what he might do quién sabe qué hará; do you know what! ¿sabes qué?; I know what: let's go skating! tengo una idea: vayamos a patinar!; wouldn't you know it: it's starting to rain! no te digo, se ha puesto a llover!; not to know which way o where to turn no saber* qué hacer; to know something backwards: she knows her part backwards — se sabe el papel al dedillo or al revés y al derecho

b) ( have practical understanding of) \<\<French/shorthand\>\> saber*

c) (have skill, ability)

to know how to + INF — saber* + inf

he doesn't know how to swim — no sabe nadar

2)

a) ( be acquainted with) \<\<person/place\>\> conocer*

how well do you know her? — ¿la conoces mucho or bien?

I only know her by name — la conozco or (AmL tb) la ubico sólo de nombre

you know me/him: ever the optimist — ya me/lo conoces: siempre tan optimista

to get to know somebody: how did they get to know each other? ¿cómo se conocieron?; I got to know him better/quite well llegué a conocerlo mejor/bastante bien; to get to know something \<\<subject/job\>\> familiarizarse* con algo; we knew her as Mrs Balfour — para nosotros era la Sra Balfour

b) ( have personal experience of)

he has known poverty/success — ha conocido la pobreza/el éxito

he knows no fear — no sabe lo que es or no conoce el miedo

c) ( be restricted by) (liter) tener*

her ambition knows no limits — su ambición no tiene límites

3)

a) (recognize, identify) reconocer*

she knows a good thing when she sees one — sabe lo que es bueno

to know something/somebody BY something — reconocer* algo/a alguien por algo

b) ( distinguish)

to know something/somebody FROM something/somebody — distinguir* algo/a alguien de algo/alguien

I don't know one from the other — no los distingo, no distingo al uno del otro

4) (see, experience) (only in perfect tenses)

I've never known her (to) lose her temper — nunca la he visto perder los estribos

this has been known to happen before — esto ya ha ocurrido otras veces

2.

vi saber*

what happened? - nobody knows — ¿qué pasó? - no se sabe

how do you know? — ¿cómo lo sabes?

I won't argue: you know best — no voy a discutir: tú sabrás

I know! — ya sé!, tengo una idea!

I ought to know! — si lo sabré yo!

you could have let me know! — me lo podrías haber dicho!

you never know — nunca se sabe

the government didn't want to know — el gobierno se desentendió completamente or no quiso saber nada

I'm not stupid, you know! — oye, que no soy tonto ¿eh? or ¿sabes?

to know ABOUT something/somebody: he knows about computers sabe or entiende de computadoras; did you know about John? ¿sabías lo de John?, ¿estabas enterado de lo de John?; can I invite him? - I don't know about that, we'll have to see ¿lo puedo invitar? - no sé, veremos; to get to know about something enterarse de algo; to know OF something/somebody: she knew of their activities tenía conocimiento or estaba enterada de sus actividades; not that I know of que yo sepa, no; do you know of a good carpenter? ¿conoces a or sabes de algún carpintero bueno?; I don't actually know her, I know of her — no la conozco personalmente, sólo de oídas

II

noun

to be in the know — estar* enterado

[nǝʊ] (pt knew) (pp known)
1. TRANSITIVE VERB
Look up set combinations such as know the ropes, know one's stuff, know sth backward at the other word.
1) (=be aware of)

a) [+ facts, dates etc] saber

to know the difference between... — saber la diferencia entre...

• she knows a lot about chemistry — sabe mucho de química

I don't know much about history — no sé mucho de historia

I don't know much about that — no sé mucho de eso

I know nothing about it, I don't know anything about it — no sé nada de eso

• he knows all the answers — lo sabe todo

• one minute you're leaving school, then before you know it, you've got a family to support — dejas el colegio y al minuto siguiente, antes de darte cuenta, tienes una familia que mantener

b) (with clause)

to know that — saber que

to know why/when/where/if — saber por qué/cuándo/dónde/si

to know how to do sth — saber hacer algo

do you know how he did that? — ¿sabes cómo lo hizo?

you know how it is — ya sabes cómo son las cosas

you don't know how glad I am to see you — no sabes cuánto me alegro de verte

• I'll or I'd have you know that... — que sepas que..., para que te enteres,...

• you haven't time, as well he knew — no tienes tiempo, como él bien sabía

you know as well as I do that... — sabes tan bien como yo que...

• to know what — saber qué or lo que

I know what I said — ya sé qué or lo que dije

he doesn't know what to do — no sabe qué hacer

• I don't know whether or not you've heard, but... — no sé si has oído o no pero...

- know what's what

c) (in exclamations)

I knew it! — ¡lo sabía!

• that's all you know! * — ¡y más que podría yo contarte!

• don't I know it! — ¡a mí me lo vas a contar!

"she's furious" - "don't I know it?" — -está furiosa -¡a mí me lo vas a contar!

• how was I to know that...? — ¿cómo iba yo a saber que...?

• I should have known you'd mess things up! — debería haberme figurado or imaginado que ibas a estropear las cosas

• do you know what, I think she did it! — ¿sabes una cosa? creo que lo hizo ella

I know what, let's drop in on Daphne! — ¡ya sé! ¡vamos a pasarnos por casa de Daphne!

you know what you can do with it! * — ¡mételo por donde te quepa! **

(well,) what do you know! * — ¿qué te parece?, ¡fíjate!, ¡mira nomás! (LAm)

what does he know about dictionaries! — ¡qué sabrá él de diccionarios!

• Peter, wouldn't you know it, can't come! — Peter, como era de esperar, no puede venir

d)

to know to do sth >: does he know to feed the rabbits? * — ¿sabe que tiene que dar de comer a los conejos?

2) (=be acquainted with) [+ person, place] conocer; [+ subject] saber

do you know him? — ¿lo conoces?

to know French — saber francés

to know one's classics/linguistic theory — saberse los clásicos/la teoría lingüística

• most of us know him only as a comedian — la mayoría de nosotros lo conocemos solo como comediante

civilization as we know it — la civilización tal y como la conocemos

• don't you know me better than that! — ¿o es que no me conoces?, ¡como si no me conocieras!

• to know sb by sight/name — conocer a algn de vista/de nombre

to know sb by reputation — haber oído hablar de algn

• she knew him for a liar and a cheat — sabía que era un mentiroso y un tramposo

• they know each other from university — se conocen de la universidad

• if I know him, he'll say no — me apuesto a que dice que no

• she knows her own mind — sabe lo que quiere

- it's not what you know, it's who you know

3) (with infinitive)

I know him to be a liar — sé que es un mentiroso

he is known to have been there — se sabe que ha estado allí

• I've never known him to smile — nunca lo he visto sonreír

I've never known her to be wrong — que yo sepa nunca se ha equivocado

it has never been known to happen — no se tienen noticias de que haya pasado nunca

• I don't know him to speak to — no lo conozco personalmente

4) (=understand)

I don't know how you can say that — no sé or no entiendo cómo puedes decir eso

• you know what I mean — ya me entiendes, ya sabes lo que quiero decir

• I know the problem! — conozco el problema

I know the problems that arise when... — sé los problemas que surgen cuando...

5) (=recognize) reconocer

he knew me at once — me reconoció en seguida

• I'd have known you anywhere — te hubiese reconocido en cualquier parte

• I knew him by his voice — le reconocí por la voz

• to know right from wrong — saber distinguir el bien del mal

- she knows a good thing when she sees it

6) (=be certain)

I don't know if it has made things any easier — no sé si ha facilitado las cosas

I don't know if or that it's a very good idea — no sé si es una buena idea, no estoy seguro de que sea una buena idea

I don't know if I can do it — no sé si puedo hacerlo

7) †† (sexually)

to know sb — conocer a algn

8) (in set expressions)
to get to know sb (llegar a) conocer a algn
I'd like to get to know you better — me gustaría (llegar a) conocerte mejor

we got to know each other during military service — llegamos a conocernos bien durante la mili
to get to know sth
as you get to know the piece better... — cuando conoces mejor la pieza..., cuando estás más familiarizado con la pieza...

get to know the area before buying a house — estudia bien la zona antes de comprar una casa
to let sb know...
I'll let you know the price as soon as I can — en cuanto sepa el precio te lo digo

let us know if you need help — avísanos si necesitas ayuda

let me know if you can't come — avísame si no puedes venir

let me know how you get on — ya me contarás cómo te fue

2. INTRANSITIVE VERB

1) (gen) saber

I don't know — no (lo) sé

yes, I know — si, ya lo sé

• Mummy knows best — mamá sabe lo que te conviene

• he doesn't know any better — no sabe lo que hace

he thinks he's going to get the job, but I know better — cree que va a conseguir el trabajo, pero yo sé mejor lo que cabe esperar

you ought to know better than to... — ya deberías saber que no se puede...

Mary knows better than to risk upsetting me — Mary sabe demasiado bien que no le conviene que me enfade

• how should I know? — ¿cómo iba yo a saberlo?

• I know, let's... — ya sé, vamos a...

• one never knows, you never know — nunca se sabe

• there's no (way of) knowing — no hay manera de saberlo

• afterwards they just don't want to know — (in relationships) después "si te he visto no me acuerdo"; (in business) después no quieren saber nada del asunto

• who knows? — ¿quién sabe?

• "was she annoyed about it?" - "I wouldn't know" — -¿se enfadó por eso? -¿y yo que sé?

• it's not easy, you know — no es fácil, sabes

you know, I think I'm beginning to like Richard — ¿sabes? creo que me está empezando a gustar Richard
all 2., 4)
2) (in set expressions)
to know about
to know about sth/sb: did you know about Paul? — ¿te has enterado de or sabes lo de Paul?

I didn't know about the accident — no me había enterado de lo del accidente, no sabía nada de lo del accidente

I'd known about his illness for some time — sabía lo de su enfermedad hacía tiempo

everything you always wanted to know about sex — todo lo que siempre ha querido saber sobre el sexo

she knows about cats — ella entiende de gatos

• "you must be delighted!" - "I don't know about that" — ¡debes estar encantado! -no sé qué decirte

"you're a genius!" - "oh, I don't know about that" — -¡eres un genio! -hombre, no sé qué decirte

"I'm taking tomorrow off" - "I don't know about that!" — -mañana me tomo el día libre -no sé, habrá que ver

• I don't know about you, but I think it's terrible — a ti no sé, pero a mí me parece terrible
to get to know about sth enterarse de algo to know of (=be acquainted with) conocer
I know of a nice little café — conozco un pequeño café muy agradable

I don't know him but I know of him — no lo conozco pero he oído hablar de él (=be aware of)

I know of no reason why he should have committed suicide — que yo sepa no tenía razones para suicidarse

• the first I knew of it was when Pete told me — lo primero que oí or supe del asunto fue lo que me dijo Pete

that was the first I knew of it — esa fue la primera noticia que tuve del asunto

• not that I know of — que yo sepa, no
to let sb know
we'll let you know — ya te diremos lo que sea, ya te avisaremos

I'll let you know on Monday — te diré lo que sea el lunes

why didn't you let me know? — ¿por qué no me lo dijiste?

3.

NOUN

• to be in the know * — (=well-informed) estar enterado; (=privy to sth) estar al tanto or al corriente

those not in the know — los que no lo sabían

* * *

I
1. [nəʊ]
(past knew; past p known) transitive verb

1)

a) (have knowledge of, be aware of) saber*

I don't know his name/how old he is — no sé cómo se llama/cuántos años tiene

to know something ABOUT something — saber* algo de algo

not to know the first thing about something — no saber* nada or no tener* ni idea de algo

I knew it! you've changed your mind! — ya sabía yo que ibas a cambiar de idea!

how was I to know that... ? — ¿cómo iba yo a saber que... ?

I should have known this would happen — tenía que haber(me) imaginado que iba a pasar esto

I don't know that I agree/that I'll be able to come — no sé si estoy de acuerdo/si podré ir

I'll have you know that... — has de saber que..., para que sepas,...

you know what he's like — ya sabes cómo es (él), ya lo conoces

before I knew where I was, it was ten o'clock — cuando quise darme cuenta, eran las diez

it is well known that... — todo el mundo sabe que...

it soon became known that... — pronto se supo que...

to be known to + INF: he's known to be dangerous se sabe que es peligroso; I know that for a fact me consta que es así; to let somebody know something decirle* algo a alguien, hacerle* saber or comunicarle* algo a alguien (frml); ( warn) avisarle algo a alguien; let me know how much it's going to cost dime cuánto va a costar; he let it be known that... dio a entender que...; to make something known to somebody hacerle* saber algo a alguien; without our knowing it sin saberlo nosotros, sin que lo supiéramos; there's no knowing what he might do quién sabe qué hará; do you know what! ¿sabes qué?; I know what: let's go skating! tengo una idea: vayamos a patinar!; wouldn't you know it: it's starting to rain! no te digo, se ha puesto a llover!; not to know which way o where to turn no saber* qué hacer; to know something backwards: she knows her part backwards — se sabe el papel al dedillo or al revés y al derecho

b) ( have practical understanding of) \<\<French/shorthand\>\> saber*

c) (have skill, ability)

to know how to + INF — saber* + inf

he doesn't know how to swim — no sabe nadar

2)

a) ( be acquainted with) \<\<person/place\>\> conocer*

how well do you know her? — ¿la conoces mucho or bien?

I only know her by name — la conozco or (AmL tb) la ubico sólo de nombre

you know me/him: ever the optimist — ya me/lo conoces: siempre tan optimista

to get to know somebody: how did they get to know each other? ¿cómo se conocieron?; I got to know him better/quite well llegué a conocerlo mejor/bastante bien; to get to know something \<\<subject/job\>\> familiarizarse* con algo; we knew her as Mrs Balfour — para nosotros era la Sra Balfour

b) ( have personal experience of)

he has known poverty/success — ha conocido la pobreza/el éxito

he knows no fear — no sabe lo que es or no conoce el miedo

c) ( be restricted by) (liter) tener*

her ambition knows no limits — su ambición no tiene límites

3)

a) (recognize, identify) reconocer*

she knows a good thing when she sees one — sabe lo que es bueno

to know something/somebody BY something — reconocer* algo/a alguien por algo

b) ( distinguish)

to know something/somebody FROM something/somebody — distinguir* algo/a alguien de algo/alguien

I don't know one from the other — no los distingo, no distingo al uno del otro

4) (see, experience) (only in perfect tenses)

I've never known her (to) lose her temper — nunca la he visto perder los estribos

this has been known to happen before — esto ya ha ocurrido otras veces

2.

vi saber*

what happened? - nobody knows — ¿qué pasó? - no se sabe

how do you know? — ¿cómo lo sabes?

I won't argue: you know best — no voy a discutir: tú sabrás

I know! — ya sé!, tengo una idea!

I ought to know! — si lo sabré yo!

you could have let me know! — me lo podrías haber dicho!

you never know — nunca se sabe

the government didn't want to know — el gobierno se desentendió completamente or no quiso saber nada

I'm not stupid, you know! — oye, que no soy tonto ¿eh? or ¿sabes?

to know ABOUT something/somebody: he knows about computers sabe or entiende de computadoras; did you know about John? ¿sabías lo de John?, ¿estabas enterado de lo de John?; can I invite him? - I don't know about that, we'll have to see ¿lo puedo invitar? - no sé, veremos; to get to know about something enterarse de algo; to know OF something/somebody: she knew of their activities tenía conocimiento or estaba enterada de sus actividades; not that I know of que yo sepa, no; do you know of a good carpenter? ¿conoces a or sabes de algún carpintero bueno?; I don't actually know her, I know of her — no la conozco personalmente, sólo de oídas

II

noun

to be in the know — estar* enterado

English-spanish dictionary > know
5 know

1. transitive verb,
knew, known

1) (recognize) erkennen (by an + Dat., for als + Akk.)

2) (be able to distinguish)

know something from something — etwas von etwas unterscheiden können

know the difference between right and wrong — den Unterschied zwischen Gut und Böse kennen

he wouldn't know the difference — er wüsste den Unterschied nicht

3) (be aware of) wissen; kennen [Person]

I know who she is — ich weiß, wer sie ist

I know for a fact that... — ich weiß ganz bestimmt, dass...

it is known that... — man weiß, dass...; es ist bekannt, dass...

know somebody/something to be... — wissen, dass jemand/etwas... ist

that's/that might be worth knowing — das ist gut/wäre wichtig zu wissen

he doesn't want to know — er will nichts davon wissen od. hören

I knew it — ich hab's ja geahnt

I know what — ich weiß was (ugs.)

you know — (coll.): (as reminder) weißt du [noch]

you know something or what? — weißt du was?

you never know — man kann nie wissen (ugs.)

somebody has [never] been known to do something — jemand hat bekanntlich [noch nie] etwas getan

and he knows it — und er weiß das auch

don't I know it! — (coll.) das weiß ich nur zu gut

before somebody knows where he is — ehe jemand sich's versieht

what do you know [about that]? — (coll.): (that is surprising) was sagst du dazu?

somebody is not to know — (is not to be told) jemand soll nichts wissen (about, of von); (has no way of learning) jemand kann nicht wissen

not know what hit one — (fig.) gar nicht begreifen, was geschehen ist

that's all you know [about it] — das glaubst du vielleicht

if you must know — wenn du es unbedingt wissen willst

know different or otherwise — es besser wissen

know what's what — wissen, wie es in der Welt zugeht

how should I know? — woher soll ich das wissen?

I might have known — das hätte ich mir denken können

do you know,... — stell dir [mal] vor,...

4) (have understanding of) können [ABC, Einmaleins, Deutsch usw.]; beherrschen [Grundlagen, Regeln]; sich auskennen mit [Gerät, Verfahren, Gesetz]

do you know any German? — können Sie etwas Deutsch?

know how to mend fuses — wissen, wie man Sicherungen repariert

know how to drive a car — Auto fahren können

he doesn't know much about computers — er hat nicht viel Ahnung von Computern

5) (be acquainted with) kennen

we have known each other for years — wir kennen uns [schon] seit Jahren

you don't really know him — du kennst ihn nicht gut genug

you know what he/it is — (is like) du kennst ihn ja/du weißt ja, wie es ist

6) (have experience of) erleben; erfahren

he knows no fear — er kennt keine Furcht

know what it is to be hungry — wissen, was es heißt, Hunger zu haben
2. noun
(coll.)

be in the know — Bescheid wissen

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/88563/know_about">know about

- know of

* * *
[nəu]
past tense - knew; verb

1) (to be aware of or to have been informed about: He knows everything; I know he is at home because his car is in the drive; He knows all about it; I know of no reason why you cannot go.) wissen

2) (to have learned and to remember: He knows a lot of poetry.) kennen

3) (to be aware of the identity of; to be friendly with: I know Mrs Smith - she lives near me.) kennen

4) (to (be able to) recognize or identify: You would hardly know her now - she has become very thin; He knows a good car when he sees one.) erkennen

•

- knowing
- knowingly
- know-all
- know-how
- in the know
- know backwards
- know better
- know how to
- know the ropes
* * *

know

[nəʊ, AM noʊ]

I. TRANSITIVE VERB

<knew, known>

1. (have information/knowledge)

▪ to \know sth etw wissen; facts, results etw kennen

she \knows all the names of them sie kennt all ihre Namen

does anyone \know the answer? weiß jemand die Antwort?

do you \know...? weißt du/wissen Sie...?

do you \know the time/where the post office is? können Sie mir bitte sagen, wie spät es ist/wo die Post ist?

do you \know the words to this song? kennst du den Text von diesem Lied?

he really \knows particle physics in Teilchenphysik kennt er sich wirklich gut aus

I \know no fear ich habe vor nichts Angst

I \know what I am talking about ich weiß, wovon ich rede

how was I to \know it'd be snowing in June! wer ahnt denn schon, dass es im Juni schneien würde!

that's worth \knowing das ist gut zu wissen

that might be worth \knowing das wäre gut zu wissen

that's what I like to \know too das würde ich auch gerne wissen!

— don't I \know it! — wem sagst du das!

before you \know where you are ehe man sich versieht

for all I \know soweit ich weiß

they might have even cancelled the project for all I \know vielleicht haben sie das Projekt ja sogar ganz eingestellt — weiß man's! fam

I knew it! wusste ich's doch! fam

... and you \know it... und das weißt du auch; ( fam)

you \know something [or what]? weißt du was? fam

... I \know what... ich weiß was

but she's not to \know aber sie soll nichts davon erfahren

God \knows I've done my best ich habe weiß Gott mein Bestes gegeben; ( fam)

God only \knows what'll happen next! weiß der Himmel, was als Nächstes passiert! sl

▪ to \know [that]/if/how/what/when/why... wissen, dass/ob/wie/was/wann/warum...

▪ to \know sb/sth to be/do sth wissen, dass jd/etw etw ist/tut

the police \know him to be a cocaine dealer die Polizei weiß, dass er mit Kokain handelt

▪ to \know how to do sth wissen, wie man etw macht

to \know how to drive a car Auto fahren können

▪ to \know sth about sth/sb etw über etw/jdn wissen

to \know the alphabet/English das Alphabet/Englisch können

do you \know any Norwegian? können Sie ein bisschen Norwegisch?

to \know sth by heart etw auswendig können

to \know what one is doing wissen, was man tut

to let sb \know sth jdn etw wissen lassen

2. (be certain)

▪ to not \know whether... sich dat nicht sicher sein, ob...

to not \know which way to turn nicht wissen, was man machen soll

to not \know whether to laugh or cry nicht wissen, ob man lachen oder weinen soll

to \know for a fact that... ganz sicher wissen, dass...

3. (be acquainted with)

▪ to \know sb jdn kennen

\knowing Sarah [or if I \know Sarah], she'll have done a good job so wie ich Sarah kenne, hat sie ihre Sache bestimmt gut gemacht

we've \known each other for years now wir kennen uns schon seit Jahren

she \knows Paris well sie kennt sich in Paris gut aus

surely you \know me better than that! du solltest mich eigentlich besser kennen!

you \know what it's like du weißt ja, wie das [so] ist

we all knew her as a kind and understanding colleague uns allen war sie als liebenswerte und einfühlsame Kollegin bekannt

I'm sure you all \know the new officer by reputation sicherlich haben Sie alle schon mal von dem neuen Offizier gehört

to \know sth like the back of one's hand etw wie seine eigene Westentasche kennen fam

to \know sb by name/by sight/personally jdn dem Namen nach/vom Sehen/persönlich kennen

to get to \know sb jdn kennenlernen

to get to \know sth methods etw lernen; faults etw herausfinden

to get to \know each other sich akk kennenlernen

to [not] \know sb to speak to jdn [nicht] näher kennen

4. (have understanding)

▪ to \know sth etw verstehen

do you \know what I mean? verstehst du, was ich meine?

if you \know what I mean wenn du verstehst, was ich meine

5. (experience)

I've never \known anything like this so etwas akk habe ich noch nicht erlebt

I've never \known her [to] cry ich habe sie noch nie weinen sehen

6. (recognize)

▪ to \know sb/sth jdn/etw erkennen

I \know a goodbye when I hear one ich hab' schon verstanden, dass du dich von mir trennen willst! fam

I \know a good thing when I see it ich merke gleich, wenn was gut ist

we all \know him as ‘Curly’ wir alle kennen ihn als ‚Curly‘

this is the end of world as we \know it das ist das Ende der Welt, so wie wir sie kennen

these chocolate bars are \known as something else in the US diese Schokoladenriegel laufen in den USA unter einem anderen Namen

I knew her for a liar the minute I saw her ich habe vom ersten Augenblick an gewusst, dass sie eine Lügnerin ist

▪ to \know sb/sth by sth jdn/etw an etw dat erkennen

to \know sb by his/her voice/walk jdn an seiner Stimme/seinem Gang erkennen

sb wouldn't \know sth if he/she bumped into it [or if he/she fell over it] [or if it hit him/her in the face] jd würde etw akk nicht mal erkennen, wenn es vor ihm/ihr stehen würde

7. (be able to differentiate)

▪ to \know sth/sb from sth/sb etw/jdn von etw/jdm unterscheiden können

Ana wouldn't \know a greyhound from a collie Ana kann einen Windhund nicht von einem Collie unterscheiden

you wouldn't \know him from his brother man kann ihn und seinen Bruder nicht unterscheiden!

don't worry, she wouldn't \know the difference keine Angst, sie wird den Unterschied [gar] nicht merken

to \know right from wrong Gut und Böse unterscheiden können

8. passive (well-known)

▪ to be \known for sth für etw akk bekannt sein

▪ it is \known that... es ist bekannt, dass...

to make sth \known etw bekanntmachen

she's never been \known to laugh at his jokes sie hat bekanntlich noch nie über seine Witze gelacht

this substance is \known to cause skin problems es ist bekannt, dass diese Substanz Hautirritationen hervorruft

this substance has been \known to cause skin problems diese Substanz hat in einzelnen Fällen zu Hautirritationen geführt

Terry is also \known as ‘The Muscleman’ Terry kennt man auch unter dem Namen ‚der Muskelmann‘

9.

▶ to not \know sb from Adam keinen blassen Schimmer haben, wer jd ist fam

▶ to \know all the answers immer alles besser wissen pej; (have real knowledge) sich akk auskennen

▶ to \know no bounds keine Grenzen kennen

▶ to not \know one end of sth from the other keine Ahnung von etw dat haben fam

▶ to not \know what hit one nicht wissen, wie einem geschieht

▶ not if I \know it nicht mit mir!

▶ to \know one's own mind wissen, was man will

▶ to \know one's place wissen, wo man steht

▶ to not \know where to put oneself BRIT am liebsten in den Boden versinken fam

▶ to \know the ropes sich akk auskennen

▶ to \know sb [in the biblical sense] ( hum) mit jdm eine Nummer geschoben haben sl

▶ to \know the score wissen, was gespielt wird

▶ to \know which side one's bread is buttered on wissen, wo was zu holen ist fam

▶ to \know one's stuff [or BRIT also onions] sein Geschäft [o Handwerk] verstehen

▶ to \know a thing or two ( pej fam: be sexually experienced) sich akk [mit Männern/Frauen] auskennen

▶ to \know a thing or two about sth (know from experience) sich akk mit etw dat auskennen

▶ to \know what's what wissen, wo's langgeht fam

▶ what do you \know! was weißt du denn schon?; esp AM ( fam: surprise) wer hätte das gedacht!

II. INTRANSITIVE VERB

<knew, known>

1. (have knowledge) [Bescheid] wissen

ask Kate, she's sure to \know frag Kate, sie weiß es bestimmt

I think she \knows ich glaube, sie weiß Bescheid

where did he go? — I wouldn't [or don't] \know, I was not to \know until years later das sollte ich erst Jahre später erfahren, wo ist er hingegangen? — keine Ahnung

are you going to university? — I don't \know yet willst du studieren? — ich weiß [es] noch nicht

you never \know man kann nie wissen

as [or so] far as I \know so viel [o weit] ich weiß

how am I to \know? woher soll ich das wissen?

who \knows? wer weiß?

how should I \know? wie soll ich das wissen?

I \know! jetzt weiß ich!

Mummy \knows best what to do Mutti weiß am besten, was zu tun ist

she didn't want to \know sie wollte nichts davon wissen

just let me \know ok? sag' mir einfach Bescheid, ok?

2. ( fam: understand) begreifen

“I don't \know,” he said, “why can't you ever be on time?” „ich begreife das einfach nicht“, sagte er, „warum kannst du nie pünktlich sein?“

3. (said to agree with sb)

I \know ich weiß

the weather's been so good lately — I \know, isn't it wonderful! das Wetter war in letzter Zeit wirklich schön — ja, herrlich, nicht wahr?

4. ( fam: for emphasis)

she's such a fool, don't you \know! sie ist so unglaublich dumm!

5. (conversation filler)

give him the red box, you \know, the one with the.... gib ihm die rote Kiste, du weißt schon, die mit den...

he's so boring and, you \know, sort of spooky er ist so langweilig und, na ja, irgendwie unheimlich

he asked me, you \know weißt du, er hat mich halt gefragt

6.

▶ to \know better:

you ought to \know better du solltest es eigentlich besser wissen

he said he loved me but I \know better er sagte, dass er mich liebt, aber ich weiß, dass es nicht stimmt

▶ to \know better than:

I \know better than to go out in this weather ich werde mich hüten, bei dem Wetter rauszugehen fam

she's old enough to \know better than to run out into the traffic sie ist alt genug, um zu wissen, dass man nicht einfach auf die Straße läuft

▶ to not \know any better es nicht anders kennen

III. NOUN

no pl

to be in the \know [about sth] [über etw akk] im Bilde sein [o Bescheid wissen]

* * *
[nəʊ] vb: pret knew, ptp known
1. TRANSITIVE VERB

1) = have knowledge about wissen; answer, facts, dates, details, results etc kennen, wissen; French, English etc können

he knew her to be guilty — er wusste, dass sie schuldig war

to know what one is talking about — wissen, wovon man redet

to know one's own mind — wissen, was man will

she knows all the answers — sie weiß Bescheid, sie kennt sich aus; (pej) sie weiß immer alles besser

he might even be dead for all I know — vielleicht ist er sogar tot, was weiß ich

he thinks he knows all the answers or everything —

that's what I'd like to know ( too) — das möchte ich auch wissen

THAT'S what I'd like to know — das möchte ich wirklich wissen

that's worth knowing — das ist ja interessant

that might be worth knowing — es könnte interessant sein, das zu wissen

before you know where you are — ehe man sichs versieht

I've been a fool and don't I know it! (inf) — ich sehs ja ein, ich war doof (inf), ich war vielleicht doof (inf)

she's angry! – don't I know it! (inf) — sie ist wütend! – wem sagst du das! (inf)

2) = be acquainted with people, places, book, author kennen

I know Bavaria well — ich kenne Bayern gut, ich kenne mich gut in Bayern aus

do you know him to speak to? —

we all know her as the headmistress/a generous person — wir kennen Sie alle als die Schulleiterin/einen großzügigen Menschen

if I know John, he'll already be there — wie ich John kenne, ist er schon da

he didn't want to know me — er wollte nichts mit mir zu tun haben

know thyself! — erkenne dich selbst!

3) = recognize erkennen

to know sb by his voice/walk etc — jdn an der Stimme/am Gang etc erkennen

would you know him again? — würden Sie ihn wiedererkennen?

he knows a good thing when he sees it — er weiß, was gut ist

he knows a bargain/good manuscript when he sees one — er weiß, was ein guter Kauf/ein gutes Manuskript ist

this is the end of the welfare system as we know it — das ist das Ende des uns bekannten Wohlfahrtssystems

4) = be able to distinguish unterscheiden können

don't you know your right from your left? — können Sie rechts und links nicht unterscheiden?

you wouldn't know him from his brother — Sie könnten ihn nicht von seinem Bruder unterscheiden

do you know the difference between...? —

to know the difference between right and wrong, to know right from wrong — den Unterschied zwischen Gut und Böse kennen, Gut und Böse unterscheiden können

he wouldn't know the difference — das merkt er nicht

he doesn't know one end of a horse/hammer from the other — er hat keine Ahnung von Pferden/keine Ahnung, was ein Hammer ist (inf)

5) = experience erleben

I've never known it to rain so heavily — so einen starken Regen habe ich noch nie erlebt

I've never known him (to) smile — ich habe ihn noch nie lächeln sehen, ich habe es noch nie erlebt, dass er lächelt

have you ever known me (to) tell a lie? — haben Sie mich jemals lügen hören?

have you ever known such a thing to happen before? — haben Sie je schon so etwas erlebt?, ist Ihnen so etwas schon einmal vorgekommen?

6) BIBL (obs sexually) erkennen

2. INTRANSITIVE VERB
wissen
who knows? — wer weiß?, weiß ichs?

I know! — ich weiß!, weiß ich (doch)!; (having a good idea) ich weiß was!, ich habe eine Idee!

I don't know — (das) weiß ich nicht

as far as I know — soviel ich weiß, meines Wissens

he just didn't want to know — er wollte einfach nicht hören

afterwards they just didn't want to know — nachher wollten sie einfach nichts mehr davon wissen

I wouldn't know (inf) — weiß ich (doch) nicht (inf)

don't you know? — weißt du das denn nicht?

how should I know? — wie soll ich das wissen?

how was I to know? — wie sollte ich das wissen?

I'm damned if I know (inf) — ich habe echt keinen Schimmer

the channel was rough, as I well know or as well I know! — die Überfahrt war stürmisch, das kann ich dir sagen

3. SET STRUCTURES
__diams; to know that... wissen, dass...Note that while in English that can be omitted, in German dass must be used to introduce the next sentence.
when I saw the ambulance, I knew (that) something was wrong — als ich den Krankenwagen sah, wusste ich, dass etwas nicht stimmte __diams; to know why... wissen, warum...

he didn't know why — er wusste nicht, warum

I don't know why you think it's so funny — ich weiß nicht, was du daran so komisch findest

to know how to do sth (in theory) — wissen, wie man etw macht; (in practice) etw tun können

I know how you feel — ich weiß, wie Sie sich fühlen

I don't know how you can say that! — wie kannst du das nur sagen!

you don't know how good it is to see you again — Sie wissen gar nicht, wie sehr ich mich freue, Sie wiederzusehen

I know better than that — ich bin ja nicht ganz dumm

I know better than to say something like that —

he knows better than to eat into the profits — er ist nicht so dumm, den Gewinn anzugreifen

he/you ought to have known better — das war dumm (von ihm/dir)

he ought to have or should have known better than to do that — es war dumm von ihm, das zu tun

you ought to know better at your age — in deinem Alter müsste man das aber (besser) wissen

they don't know any better — sie kennens nicht anders

he says he didn't do it, but I know better — er sagt, er war es nicht, aber ich weiß, dass das nicht stimmt

OK, you know best — o.k., Sie müssens wissen

mother always knows best — Mutter weiß es am besten

to get to know sb — jdn kennenlernen

to get to know sth (methods, techniques, style, pronunciation etc) — etw lernen; habits, faults, shortcuts etc etw herausfinden

to get to know a place — einen Ort kennenlernen

he soon let me know what he thought of it —

when can you let me know? — wann können Sie es mich wissen lassen?, wann können Sie mir Bescheid sagen?

you know, we could/there is... — weißt du, wir könnten/da ist...

he gave it away, you know — er hat es nämlich weggegeben

it's raining, you know —

then there was this man, you know, and... — und da war dieser Mann, nicht (wahr), und...

wear the black dress, you know, the one with the red belt —

it's long and purple and, you know, sort of crinkly — es ist lang und lila und, na ja, so kraus

(if you) know what I mean — du weißt schon __diams; you never know man kann nie wissen

it was nothing to do with me, I'll have you know! — es hatte nichts mit mir zu tun, damit du es weißt! __diams; there's no knowing (inf) das kann keiner sagen, das weiß niemand

there's no knowing what he'll do — man weiß nie, was er noch tut __diams; what do you know! (inf) sieh mal einer an!

what do you know! I've just seen her! (inf) — stellen Sie sich vor, ich habe sie eben gesehen __diams; to be known → also known

to be known (to sb) — (jdm) bekannt sein

it is (well) known that... —

is he/it known here? — ist er/das hier bekannt?, kennt man ihn/das hier?

to be known for sth — für etw bekannt sein

he is known to have been here — man weiß, dass er hier war

he is known as Mr Smith — man kennt ihn als Herrn Smith

she wishes to be known as Mrs White — sie möchte Frau White genannt werden → also known __diams; to make sb/sth known jdn/etw bekannt machen

to make it known that... — bekannt geben, dass...

to make oneself known — sich melden (to sb bei jdm)

to make one's presence known — sich melden (to bei) __diams; to become known bekannt werden

4. NOUN
__diams; to be in the know inf eingeweiht sein, im Bild sein (inf), Bescheid wissen (inf)
the people in the know say... — Leute, die darüber Bescheid wissen, sagen..., die Fachleute sagen...

5. PHRASAL VERBS

* * *

know [nəʊ]

A v/t prät knew [njuː; US besonders nuː], pperf known [nəʊn]

1. allg wissen:

he knows what to do er weiß, was zu tun ist;

I don’t know how to thank you ich weiß nicht, wie ich Ihnen danken soll;

know all about it genau Bescheid wissen;

don’t I know it!

a) und ob ich das weiß!,

b) als ob ich das nicht wüsste!;

I would have you know that … ich möchte Ihnen klarmachen, dass …;

I have never known him to lie meines Wissens hat er noch nie gelogen;

he knows a thing or two umg er ist nicht von gestern, er weiß ganz gut Bescheid ( about über akk);

I don’t know much about football ich versteh nicht viel von Fußball;

what do you know! umg na so was!;

and he knows it umg das weiß er ganz genau; → answer A 1, good B 10, what Bes Redew

2. a) können:

he knows (some) German er kann (etwas) Deutsch; → business A 1, onion, rope A 1, etc

b) know how to do sth etwas tun können:

do you know how to do it? weißt du, wie man das macht?, kannst du das?;

he knows how to treat children er versteht mit Kindern umzugehen;

do you know how to drive a car? können Sie Auto fahren?;

he doesn’t know how to lose er kann nicht verlieren

3. kennen:

a) auch know one’s way around sich auskennen in (dat):

do you know this place? kennen Sie sich hier aus?

b) mit einem Roman etc vertraut sein:

know sth backwards (US backward[s] and forward[s]) umg etwas in- und auswendig kennen

c) bekannt sein mit:

I have known him (for) five years ich kenne ihn (schon) seit fünf Jahren;

after I first knew him nachdem ich seine Bekanntschaft gemacht hatte; → Adam, get C 2

4. erfahren, erleben:

he has known better days er hat schon bessere Tage gesehen;

I have known it to happen ich habe das schon erlebt

5. a) (wieder)erkennen (by an dat):

I would know him anywhere ich würde ihn überall erkennen;

before you know where you are im Handumdrehen;

I don’t know whether I will know him again ich weiß nicht, ob ich ihn wiedererkennen werde

b) unterscheiden (können):

know apart auseinanderhalten;

know one from the other einen vom anderen unterscheiden können, die beiden auseinanderhalten können

6. BIBEL (geschlechtlich) erkennen

B v/i wissen (of von, um), im Bilde sein oder Bescheid wissen ( about über akk), Kenntnis haben ( about von):

I know of sb who … ich weiß oder kenne jemanden, der …;

I know better! so dumm bin ich nicht!;

you ought to know better (than that) das sollten Sie besser wissen, so dumm werden Sie doch nicht sein;

know better than to do sth sich davor hüten, etwas zu tun;

he ought to know better than to go swimming after a big meal er sollte so viel Verstand haben zu wissen, dass man nach einer ausgiebigen Mahlzeit nicht baden geht;

not that I know of nicht dass ich wüsste;

do ( oder don’t) you know? umg nicht wahr?;

you know wissen Sie;

this isn’t the Ritz, you know wir sind hier nicht im Ritz!;

he is an alcoholic as you know ( oder as everybody knows) er ist bekanntlich Alkoholiker;

you never know man kann nie wissen;

I’ll let you know ich geb dir Bescheid

C s be in the know Bescheid wissen, im Bilde oder eingeweiht sein

* * *
1. transitive verb,
knew, known

1) (recognize) erkennen (by an + Dat., for als + Akk.)

2) (be able to distinguish)

know something from something — etwas von etwas unterscheiden können

know the difference between right and wrong — den Unterschied zwischen Gut und Böse kennen

he wouldn't know the difference — er wüsste den Unterschied nicht

3) (be aware of) wissen; kennen [Person]

I know who she is — ich weiß, wer sie ist

I know for a fact that... — ich weiß ganz bestimmt, dass...

it is known that... — man weiß, dass...; es ist bekannt, dass...

know somebody/something to be... — wissen, dass jemand/etwas... ist

that's/that might be worth knowing — das ist gut/wäre wichtig zu wissen

he doesn't want to know — er will nichts davon wissen od. hören

I knew it — ich hab's ja geahnt

I know what — ich weiß was (ugs.)

you know — (coll.): (as reminder) weißt du [noch]

you know something or what? — weißt du was?

you never know — man kann nie wissen (ugs.)

somebody has [never] been known to do something — jemand hat bekanntlich [noch nie] etwas getan

and he knows it — und er weiß das auch

don't I know it! — (coll.) das weiß ich nur zu gut

before somebody knows where he is — ehe jemand sich's versieht

what do you know [about that]? — (coll.): (that is surprising) was sagst du dazu?

somebody is not to know — (is not to be told) jemand soll nichts wissen (about, of von); (has no way of learning) jemand kann nicht wissen

not know what hit one — (fig.) gar nicht begreifen, was geschehen ist

that's all you know [about it] — das glaubst du vielleicht

if you must know — wenn du es unbedingt wissen willst

know different or otherwise — es besser wissen

know what's what — wissen, wie es in der Welt zugeht

how should I know? — woher soll ich das wissen?

I might have known — das hätte ich mir denken können

do you know,... — stell dir [mal] vor,...

4) (have understanding of) können [ABC, Einmaleins, Deutsch usw.]; beherrschen [Grundlagen, Regeln]; sich auskennen mit [Gerät, Verfahren, Gesetz]

do you know any German? — können Sie etwas Deutsch?

know how to mend fuses — wissen, wie man Sicherungen repariert

know how to drive a car — Auto fahren können

he doesn't know much about computers — er hat nicht viel Ahnung von Computern

5) (be acquainted with) kennen

we have known each other for years — wir kennen uns [schon] seit Jahren

you don't really know him — du kennst ihn nicht gut genug

you know what he/it is — (is like) du kennst ihn ja/du weißt ja, wie es ist

6) (have experience of) erleben; erfahren

he knows no fear — er kennt keine Furcht

know what it is to be hungry — wissen, was es heißt, Hunger zu haben
2. noun
(coll.)

be in the know — Bescheid wissen

Phrasal Verbs:

- know about

- know of

* * *

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: knew, known)

= kennen v.

(§ p.,pp.: kannte, gekannt)

wissen v.

(§ p.,pp.: wußte, gewußt)

English-german dictionary > know
6 see

1. I
abs

1) he can't see, he is blind он не видит, он слепей; can the puppy see? щенок [уже] видит /не слепой/?

2) I cannot see мне не видно; there is nothing to see тут нечего смотреть: as far as the eye can see насколько видит глаз; see, here he comes смотрите, вот он идет; it took place in the street, where all could see это произошло на улице на глазах у всех; wait and see подождем, = поживем see увидим

3) now, do you see? теперь вам ясно?; don't you see? неужели вы не понимаете?; see? понятно, ясно?; it was not easy, you see, to leave видите ли /вы понимаете, что/, уехать было не так просто

4) let me see, have I posted the letter? дай мне подумать, отправил ли я письмо?; let me see, it should be on the first page постой, постой, это должно быть на первой странице; will you come to dinner tomorrow? see I'll see вы придете обедать завтра? see [Я] подумаю /посмотрю/, видно будет
2. II
1) see in some manner see well (poorly, far, etc.) хорошо и т.д. видеть; have you seen enough? вы уже насмотрелись?; see somewhere you can't see here, it is dark здесь темно и ничего не видно; see overleaf смотри(те) на обороте; see far смотреть вперед, предвидеть; I can't see as far as that так далеко вперед я не могу загадывать /предвидеть/; as far as one can see, he has a brilliant career before him насколько можно судить, у него блестящее будущее /его ждет блестящая карьера

2) see at some time I see now теперь мне ясно
3. III
1) see smth., smb. see a letter (a tree, something green, the outline of a building, a stranger, etc.) (увидеть письмо и т.д.; let me see that paper дайте мне взглянуть на /посмотреть/ эту газету; I looked but saw nothing я посмотрел, но ничего не увидел; animals appear to see things invisible to human sight звери, вероятно, видят то, что остается недоступным человеческому глазу; what can /do/ you see? что вы видите?; see page 5 (pattern 4, figure 2, etc.) смотри(те) страницу пятую и т.д.; see ghosts (visions, spirits, bogies, etc.) видеть привидения и т.д.

2) see smb. see a friend (one's parents, etc.) повидаться с другом и т.д.; I'll be seeing you coll. [мы еще с вами] увидимся, до скорого свидания; see a doctor (a lawyer, etc.) пойти к врачу и т.д., (по)советоваться / (про)консультироваться/ с врачом и т.д.; see an official обратиться к официальному лицу; can I see the inspector? могу я поговорить /повидаться/ с инспектором?; ask to see the manager попросите вызвать администратора; he sees nobody он никого не принимает: come to /and/ see smb. прийти повидать /навестить/ кого-л.

3) see smth., smb. see a town (a country, a district, the sights, Rome, the world's Fair, Oxford, etc.) осматривать город и т.д.; have you ever seen France? бывали ли вы когда-либо во Франции?; [go to]a show (a play, an actress, etc.) [сходить] (подсмотреть спектакль и т.д.; did you see the exhibition? ты был, на выставке?; 1 went to see the exhibition я пошел посмотреть выставку

4) see smth., smb. have in a man to see the drains вызовите мастера, чтобы он проверил /осмотрел/ канализацию; see a patient принять /осмотреть, посетить/ больного

5) see smth. see life /something of life/ (a good deal of the world, etc.) повидать жизнь и т.д.; he has seen hardships он изведал трудности; this old man has seen better days старик видел лучшие времена; my саг (these boots, this coat, etc.) has seen long /plenty of/ service моя машина и т.д. хорошо [мне] послужила; this coat has seen hard wear это пальто поизносилось /пообтрепалось/; that year (the XIXth century, this period, the Elizabeth's reign, etc.) has seen many changes в этом году и т.д. произошло много перемен, этот год и т.д. явился свидетелем многих перемен; I never saw such rudeness (such doings, etc.) я никогда не сталкивался с такой грубостью и т.д.; I never saw such beauty мне никогда не доводилось встречаться с такой красотой; he will never see 40 again ему уже за сорок; he didn't live to see his son's marriage он не дожил до /не увидел/ женитьбы сына

6) see smth. see a joke (the purpose, the reason, the point of the argument, the advantage of his presence, the cause of our misfortune, etc.) понимать шутку и т.д.; I was beginning to see light я стал кое-что понимать, кое-что начало проясняться; I do not see the point я не вижу /не понимаю/, в чем здесь смысл; до меня не доходит суть /соль/; this is how I see it вот, как я это понимаю /представляю себе/; as I see it по-моему, по моему мнению; see things /a lot, much/ понимать /видеть/ многое; she sees everything мимо нее ничего не проходит, от нее ничего не ускользает; she sees nothing она ничего не замечает
4. IV
1) see smb., smth. in some manner see smb., smth. distinctly (clearly, faintly, vaguely, dimly, etc.) отчетливо и т.д. видеть кого-л., что-л. || see war at close quarters непосредственно участвовать в войне

2) see smb. in some manner see smb. willingly (joyfully, reluctantly, etc.) охотно и т.д. видаться с кем-л.; see the man professionaly обратиться к нему как к специалисту; see smb. at some time see smb. later (again, lately, often, tomorrow, this afternoon, etc.) встретиться с кем-л. позже и т.д.; I must see you once more я обязательно должен еще раз повидаться с вами; see you soon! coll. до скорой встречи, пока; the ambassador finally saw him посол наконец принял его; she is too ill to see anyone at present она очень больна, и ей нельзя сейчас ни с кем видеться

3) see smth. at some time we saw "Hamlet" last night мы были на "Гамлете" вчера

4) see smb. at some time he seems ill, the doctor ought to see him at once он, по-видимому, болен, его надо немедленно показать врачу

5) see smb. somewhere see smb. home see as far as the station, aboard, etc.) провожать кого-л. домой и т.д.; see smb. in проводить кого-л. в комнату (в дом и т.п.); see smb. out провожать кого-л. до выхода /к дверям/

6) see smth. in some manner see things differently представлять себе /смотреть на/ вещи иначе; I don't see the matter that way я смотрю на это иначе
5. VI
1) see smb. as being in some state see smb. angry (happy, etc.) видеть кого-л. сердитым и т.д.

2) see smb. under some conditions see smb. alone повидать кого-л. наедине

3) see smth. as possessing some quanta see it necessary (fit, proper, etc.) to do smth. считать /находить/ необходимым и т.д. сделать что-л.; see things wrong иметь обо всем превратное мнение; see everything black видеть все в черном свете
6. VII
1) see smb., smth. do smth. see the boy take the apples (the object move, them leave their home, him come, the dog run, etc.) видеть, как мальчик взял яблоки и т.д.; you cannot see your sister starve without trying to help her вы ведь не можете видеть, как ваша сестра голодает, и не попытаться ей помочь; see smth. to be smth. I saw it to be a forgery я увидел, что это подделка

2) || see one's way to do smth. понимать, как надо действовать; I don't see my way to get you an invitation я не вижу /не знаю/, как раздобыть /достать/ для вас приглашение; as soon as I see my way to do it... как только я соображу /пойму/, как это сделать...
7. VIII
see smb., smth. doing smth. see him falling (her coming, the boy running, the child slipping, him taking the apples, etc.) видеть, как он падает и т.д.; we can see the forest stretching out мы видим простирающийся вдаль лес; 1 can't see myself doing such a thing see myself agreeing to this proposal, myself submitting to this decision, him allowing people to cheat him, etc.) не могу себе представить, чтобы я так поступил и т.д.
8. IX
see smb., smth. done see the child kissed (him taken away, the house rebuilt, the city destroyed, etc.) видеть, как целуют ребенка и т.д.; I'd sacrifice everything rather than see you disgraced я готов пожертвовать всем, чтобы не видеть вашего позора; I want to see justice done я хочу [добиться того], чтобы восторжествовала справедливость
9. XI
1) be seen come where we cannot be seen пойдем куда-нибудь, где нас не увидят; see and not be seen смотреть /наблюдать/, но самому оставаться незамеченным; children should be seen but not heard детей в доме не должно быть слышно, даже когда они на глазах; he is not fit to be seen у него такой вид, что ему нельзя на люди показываться; there was not a house to be seen не было видно ни единого дома; that remains to be seen надо еще посмотреть /подумать/; be seen with smb. I would not саге to be seen with him мне бы не хотелось, чтобы меня видели с ним; be seen in some manner be dimly (clearly, etc.) seen быть плохо и т.д. видимым; the monument is vaguely seen in the distance издалека памятник едва видно; these tricks are easily seen все эти уловки насквозь видны; be seen from smth. be seen from a short distance (from afar, from a hill, etc.) быть видимым с небольшого расстояния и т.д.; be seen through smth. very little could be seen through the keyhole в замочную скважину мало что было видно; be seen with smth. the writing on the stamp can be seen with naked eyes буквы на марке можно рассмотреть /разглядеть/ невооруженным глазом; be seen by smb. it had never been seen by European eyes этого не видел ни один европеец; be seen somewhere the baggage was last seen at the station в последний раз багаж видели на станции; be seen to do smth. he was seen to fall (to come, to walk, etc.) видели, как он упал и т.д.; be seen doing smth. he was seen falling (coming, etc.) его видели падающим и т.д., видели, как он падал и т.д.; be seen like smth. the airship was seen like a speck in the sky самолет казался маленькой точкой в небе

2) be seen of smb. has anything been seen of him in the last two weeks? его кто-нибудь видел /встречал/ за последние две недели?; be seen in some place he is much seen in society он много бывает /его часто видят/ в обществе

3) be seen that... from this (from this fact, from the abovesaid, etc.) it will be /can be/ [easily] seen that... из этого и т.д. [с очевидностью] следует, что...; it can be seen at a glance, that... ясно с первого взгляда, что...; it will thus be seen that... таким образом, станет ясно, что...
10. XIII
see to do smth. can you see to read in this light вы можете читать /вы разбираете буквы/ при таком освещении?
11. XV
1) see in some manner owls see best at night совы лучше всего видят ночью; one may see double when drunk у пьяного в глазах двоится

2) see fit to do smth. you may go if you see fit to do so вы можете идти, если считаете это удобным
12. XVI
1) see with smth. see with one eye видеть одним глазом; see till some time a puppy cannot see till the ninth day щенки слепы первые девять дней; see in smth. see in the dark (in this light, in the rays of the sun, etc.) видеть в темноте и т.д. id he is not able to see beyond the end of his nose он не видит дальше своего носа

2) see about /to /smth. see about the luggage (about the matter, to the fire, to all the locks and doors, to all the arrangements, to the business, etc.) позаботиться о багаже и т.д., последить за багажом и т.д.; leave it to me, I'll see to it оставьте /поручите/ это мне, я прослежу за этим; this machine is out of order, will you see to it? машина не в порядке, посмотрите, в чем там дело; see after smth. see after one's own interests соблюдать свой интерес

3) see through smb., smth. see through him (through his motives, through smb.'s tricks, through her little game, through his politeness, through her fine ways, through smb.'s disguise, etc.) видеть его и т.д. насквозь; we could see through his plan мы понимали, что кроется за его планом
13. XVII
see about doing smth. see about getting the license plates (about sending the report in time, about packing, about ordering a car, etc.) (по)заботиться о том, чтобы получить номера для машины и т.д., проследить за получением номеров для машины и т.д.
14. XVIII
see oneself 'in smb. see oneself in one's children видеть себя в детях || see [for] oneself убедиться самому, увидеть собственными глазами
15. XXI1
1) see smth., smb. in /at /smth. see an interesting story in a book (a letter in a box, a girl in a room, smb. at a distance, etc.) (у)видеть интересный рассказ в книге и т.д.; see smb., smth. in fat) smth. see smb., smth. in dreams видеть кого-л., что-л. во сне; I can't quite see her (myself, etc.) at a ball я не могу представить себе ее и т.д. на балу; see smth., smb. through smth. see smth., smb. through a crack in the wall (through the trees, etc.) (у)видеть что-л., кого-л. через щель в стене и т.д.; I could see very little through the keyhole мне было плохо видно /я мало что видел/ в замочную скважину; see smth., smb. with smth. see smth., smb. with one's own eyes видеть что-л., кого-л. собственными глазами; see smth. before smth. I'd like to see the house before I decide to take it я бы хотел осмотреть дом, прежде чем решиться на покупку || see the last of smb., smth. распрощаться с кем-л., чем-л.; when shall I see the last of her! когда я наконец избавлюсь от неё!; I hope I have seen the last of this book надеюсь, я все-таки отделался от этой книги

2) see smth. in smb., smth. see charming traits in people (the fault in him, many problems in it, many things in the ordinary, a great danger in that sort of thing, etc.) находить /видеть/ в людях привлекательные черты и т.д.; to refuse to see any good in him отказаться видеть в нем что-л. хорошее; I don't know what you can see in her не знаю, что вы в ней находите

3) see smth. of smb. see much of each other (little of the Browns, a great deal of him, etc.) часто /много/ встречаться [друг с другом] и т.д.; I don't see anything of my neighbours я совсем не вижу своих соседей, я совсем не встречаюсь со своими соседями; see less of smb. in winter реже видеться с кем-л. зимой; she's seeing too much of him она слишком часто встречается с ним; see smb. at (for) some time see you on Sunday до встречи в воскресенье; I haven't seen you for ages я вас не видел целую вечность; can I see you for a moment? можно вас на минуту?; see smb. about (on) smth. see a man about the book (an inspector about the case, one's lawyer about the matter, a doctor about your condition, a doctor about her injury, etc.) повидать одного человека по поводу книги и т.д.; see smb. on business повидаться с кем-л. по делу

4) see smth. in some time see a lot in his life /a great deal in his time/ изведать жизнь, повидать немало в жизни

5) see smb. to some place see you to the door (him to the gate, a friend to the station, etc.) проводить вас до двери и т.д.; see the children to bed уложить детей спать; see smb. into (on, off, etc.) smth. see smb. into a train (on board a ship) посадить кого-л. в поезд (на пароход); see smb. off the premises выпроводить кого-л.

6) see smb. through smth. see us through the customs (his brother through college, me through the difficulty, her through her trouble) помочь нам пройти таможенный досмотр и т.д.

7) || see smth., smb. in some light видеть что-л., кого-л. в каком-л. свете; see smth. in the same light сходиться.во мнении относительно чего-л.; see smth. in a different light видеть что-л. в ином свете; 1 don't see it in that light у меня по этому вопросу другое мнение
16. XXII
see smth. of doing smth. see the use of going there (the good of helping her, the advantage of keeping your mouth shut, the fun of dancing, etc.) видеть смысл в том, чтобы пойти туда и т.д.; I don't see the good of getting angry не вижу никакого смысла злиться || see one's way to doing smth. придумать /найти/, как что-л. сделать
17. XXIV1
see smb. as smb. I can't see him as president (as a teacher, as a husband, etc.) я не могу себе представить его в роли президента и т.д.
18. XXIV4
see smth. as... see the problem as it is видеть проблему реально
19. XXV
1) see that... see that the man was old (that he was blind, that it is time to go, that the box is empty, etc.) видеть, что это старый человек /старик/ и т.д.; see whether..., (if..., how..., what..., etc.) see whether the book is there (if the postman has come, if this hat suits you, who it is, what you've done, what has happened, what courage can do, how far we have gone, etc.) посмотреть, там ли книга и т.д.; see who's at the door посмотри, кто пришел; can you see where the mistake is? вы можете найти ошибку?; we are anxious to see what there is to be seen of the country мы хотим повидать все достопримечательности страны

2) see that smth. is done see that the work is done (that the letter is mailed sometime today, that nothing goes wrong, that nothing has been neglected, that he comes to no harm, that he comes in time, that everything is in order, etc.) проследить, чтобы работа была сделана и т.д.; see that you lock the back door смотри, запри /не забудь запереть/ черный ход; see you don't miss the train смотри, не опоздай на поезд

3) see what... (that..., why..., etc.) see what I mean (what it is to have courage, that I am not wanted, that you have changed your mind, why you did that, why he doesn't come, how or why it is done, etc.) понимать, что я хочу сказать и т.д.; we saw that it was useless to insist мы поняли, что бесполезно настаивать; can't you see that I'm tired? разве вы не видите /не понимаете/, что я устал?; I see how it is мне понятно, как обстоят дела

4) see what... (when..., etc.) let me see what I can do (what ought to do now, when we can come, etc.) дайте подумать /сообразить/, что я могу сделать и т.д.
20. XXVII1
see through what... I am beginning to see through what he has in mind я начинаю понимать, что у него на уме
21. XXVII2
1) see from smth. that... I see from my diary that I am expected today (from the papers that he is dead, etc.) по моим записям я вижу, что меня ждут сегодня и т.д.

2) see to it that... see to it that the light is switched off проследи, чтобы свет был выключен

English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > see
7 hope

1. noun
Hoffnung, die

give up hope — die Hoffnung aufgeben

hold out hope [for somebody] — [jemandem] Hoffnung machen

beyond or past hope — hoffnungslos

in the hope/in hope[s] of something/doing something — in der Hoffnung auf etwas (Akk.) /, etwas zu tun

I have some hope[s] of success or of succeeding — es besteht die Hoffnung, dass ich Erfolg habe

set or put or place one's hopes on or in something/somebody — seine Hoffnung auf etwas/jemanden setzen

raise somebody's hopes — jemandem Hoffnung machen

high hopes — große Hoffnungen

have high hopes of something — sich (Dat.) große Hoffnungen auf etwas (Akk.) machen

not have a hope [in hell] [of something] — (coll.) sich (Dat.) keine[rlei] Hoffnung [auf etwas (Akk.)] machen können

what a hope! — (coll.)

some hope[s]! — (coll. iron.) schön wär's!

be hoping against hope that... — trotz allem die Hoffnung nicht aufgeben, dass...
2. intransitive verb
hoffen ( for auf + Akk.)

I hope so/not — hoffentlich/hoffentlich nicht; ich hoffe es/ich hoffe nicht

hope for the best — das Beste hoffen
3. transitive verb
hope to do something/that something may be so — hoffen, etwas zu tun/dass etwas so eintrifft

I hope to go to Paris — (am planning) ich habe vor, nach Paris zu fahren

* * *
[həup] 1. verb
(to want something to happen and have some reason to believe that it will or might happen: He's very late, but we are still hoping he will come; I hope to be in London next month; We're hoping for some help from other people; It's unlikely that he'll come now, but we keep on hoping; `Do you think it will rain?' `I hope so/not'.) hoffen
2. noun
1) ((any reason or encouragement for) the state of feeling that what one wants will or might happen: He has lost all hope of becoming the president; He came to see me in the hope that I would help him; He has hopes of winning a scholarship; The rescuers said there was no hope of finding anyone alive in the mine.) die Hoffnung

2) (a person, thing etc that one is relying on for help etc: He's my last hope - there is no-one else I can ask.) die Hoffnung

3) (something hoped for: My hope is that he will get married and settle down soon.) die Hoffnung

•

- academic.ru/35557/hopeful">hopeful
- hopefulness
- hopefully
- hopeless
- hopelessly
- hopelessness
- hope against hope
- hope for the best
- not have a hope
- not a hope
- raise someone's hopes
* * *

hope

[həʊp, AM hoʊp]

I. n Hoffnung f

is there any \hope that...? besteht da irgendeine Hoffnung, dass...?

I don't hold out much \hope of getting a ticket ich habe nicht sehr viel Hoffnung, dass ich noch eine Karte bekomme

there is little \hope that... es besteht wenig Hoffnung, dass...

there is still \hope [that...] es besteht immer noch Hoffnung[, dass...]

in the \hope that... in der Hoffnung, dass...

it is my \hope that... ich hoffe, dass...

glimmer [or ray] of \hope Hoffnungsschimmer m

sb's best/last/only \hope jds größte/letzte/einzige Hoffnung

to have great [or high] \hopes große Hoffnungen haben

to have no \hope keine Hoffnung haben

to abandon [or give up] \hope die Hoffnung aufgeben

to be beyond [or past] [all] \hope [völlig] hoffnungslos sein

to dash sb's \hopes jds Hoffnungen zerstören

to give \hope Hoffnung geben

to live in \hope hoffen

to pin [or put] [all] one's \hopes on sb/sth seine ganze Hoffnung auf jdn/etw setzen

to raise sb's \hopes jdm Hoffnung machen

to see \hope for sb/sth für jdn/etw Hoffnung sehen

▪ in the \hope of doing sth in der Hoffnung, etw zu tun

▶ to not have a \hope in hell nicht die geringste Chance haben

▶ some \hope, not a \hope schön wär's

▶ \hope springs eternal ( prov) und die Hoffnung währet ewiglich prov

II. vi hoffen

it's good news, I \hope hoffentlich gute Nachrichten

to \hope for the best das Beste hoffen

to \hope against hope [[that]...] wider alle Vernunft hoffen[, dass...]

she was hoping against hope [that]... sie hoffte wider aller Vernunft, dass...

to \hope and pray [that]... hoffen und beten, [dass]...

▪ to \hope for sth auf etw akk hoffen

▪ to \hope [that]... hoffen, dass...

* * *
[həʊp]
1. n
(also person) Hoffnung f
she is our best hope — sie ist unsere größte Hoffnung

past or beyond hope — hoffnungslos, aussichtslos

the patient is beyond hope — für den Patienten besteht keine Hoffnung mehr

to be full of hope — hoffnungsvoll or voller Hoffnung sein

my hope is that... —

in the hope that... — in der Hoffnung, dass...

in the hope of doing sth — in der Hoffnung, etw zu tun

to have (high or great) hopes of doing sth — hoffen, etw zu tun

her family has high or great hopes of her — ihre Familie setzt große Hoffnungen in sie

to live in hope of sth — in der Hoffnung auf etw (acc) leben

well, we live in hope — nun, wir hoffen eben ( weiter)

to place one's hope in sb/sth — seine Hoffnungen in or auf jdn/etw setzen

don't get or build your hopes up too much — mach dir keine allzu großen Hoffnungen

there is no hope of him having survived —

we have some hope of success — es besteht die Hoffnung, dass wir Erfolg haben

there's no hope of that — da braucht man sich gar keine Hoffnungen zu machen

where there's life there's hope — es ist noch nicht aller Tage Abend; (said of invalid) solange er/sie sich noch regt, besteht auch noch Hoffnung

to give up/lose hope of doing sth — die Hoffnung aufgeben, etw zu tun

some hope(s)! (inf) — schön wärs! (inf)

she hasn't got a hope in hell of passing her exams (inf) — es besteht nicht die geringste Chance, dass sie ihre Prüfung besteht

hope springs eternal (prov) — wenn die Hoffnung nicht wäre!

2. vi
hoffen (for auf +acc)
to hope for the best — das Beste hoffen

you can't hope for anything else from him —

one might have hoped for something better — man hätte (eigentlich) auf etwas Besseres hoffen dürfen, man hätte sich eigentlich Besseres erhoffen dürfen

a pay rise would be too much to hope for — auf eine Gehaltserhöhung braucht man sich (dat) gar keine Hoffnungen zu machen

I hope so — hoffentlich, ich hoffe es

I hope not — hoffentlich nicht, ich hoffe nicht

3. vt
hoffen
I hope to see you — hoffentlich sehe ich Sie, ich hoffe, dass ich Sie sehe

the party cannot hope to win — für die Partei besteht keine Hoffnung zu gewinnen

I hope I'm not disturbing you — ich hoffe, dass ich Sie nicht störe

to hope against hope that... —

hoping to hear from you — ich hoffe, von Ihnen zu hören, in der Hoffnung (form), von Ihnen zu hören

* * *

hope [həʊp]

A s

1. Hoffnung f (of auf akk):

live in hope(s) die Hoffnung nicht aufgeben, optimistisch sein;

past ( oder beyond) (all) hope hoffnungs-, aussichtslos;

he is past all hope er ist ein hoffnungsloser Fall, für ihn gibt es keine Hoffnung mehr;

there is no hope that … es besteht keine Hoffnung, dass …;

it was beyond my wildest hopes es übertraf meine kühnsten Hoffnungen;

in the hope of doing sth in der Hoffnung, etwas zu tun;

hope springs eternal (in the human breast) (Sprichwort) der Mensch hofft, solange er lebt;

my hope was for Peter to pass the examination ich hoffte, Peter würde die Prüfung bestehen;

with hope hoffnungsvoll; → build A 1, hold out A 2, raise A 1, A 5 b

2. Hoffnung f:

a) Vertrauen n, Zuversicht f

b) Aussicht f:

no hope of success keine Aussicht auf Erfolg;

hopes of victory Siegeshoffnungen

3. Hoffnung f (Person oder Sache):

she is our only ( oder last) hope; → white hope

4. → forlorn hope

B v/i hoffen:

hope for hoffen auf (akk), (sich etwas) erhoffen;

hope for the best das Beste hoffen;

hope for success sich Erfolg erhoffen;

I hope so hoffentlich, ich hoffe es;

I hope not hoffentlich nicht, ich hoffe nicht;

the hoped-for result das erhoffte Ergebnis

C v/t etwas hoffen:

I hope to meet her soon;

hope against hope that … die Hoffnung nicht aufgeben oder verzweifelt hoffen, dass …;

hope and trust that … hoffen und glauben, dass …;

it is to be hoped es ist zu hoffen, man kann oder darf oder muss hoffen

* * *
1. noun
Hoffnung, die

give up hope — die Hoffnung aufgeben

hold out hope [for somebody] — [jemandem] Hoffnung machen

beyond or past hope — hoffnungslos

in the hope/in hope[s] of something/doing something — in der Hoffnung auf etwas (Akk.) /, etwas zu tun

I have some hope[s] of success or of succeeding — es besteht die Hoffnung, dass ich Erfolg habe

set or put or place one's hopes on or in something/somebody — seine Hoffnung auf etwas/jemanden setzen

raise somebody's hopes — jemandem Hoffnung machen

high hopes — große Hoffnungen

have high hopes of something — sich (Dat.) große Hoffnungen auf etwas (Akk.) machen

not have a hope [in hell] [of something] — (coll.) sich (Dat.) keine[rlei] Hoffnung [auf etwas (Akk.)] machen können

what a hope! — (coll.)

some hope[s]! — (coll. iron.) schön wär's!

be hoping against hope that... — trotz allem die Hoffnung nicht aufgeben, dass...
2. intransitive verb
hoffen ( for auf + Akk.)

I hope so/not — hoffentlich/hoffentlich nicht; ich hoffe es/ich hoffe nicht

hope for the best — das Beste hoffen
3. transitive verb
hope to do something/that something may be so — hoffen, etwas zu tun/dass etwas so eintrifft

I hope to go to Paris — (am planning) ich habe vor, nach Paris zu fahren

* * *

n.

Hoffnung -en f. v.

hoffen v.

English-german dictionary > hope
8 why

waɪ
1. нареч.
1) вопрос. почему?
2) почему а) в относительной функции I cannot see any reasons why he shouldn't go there. ≈ Не понимаю, почему бы ему не сходить туда? б) в соединительной функции He did not know why they were late. ≈ Он не знал, почему они опаздывают.
2. межд. выражает самые разнообразные эмоции в зависимости от контекста: удивление, согласие или несогласие, нетерпение и т.п. Why, here's what I was looking for ≈ Да ведь это-то я и искал! Why, what is the problem? ≈ Ну и что!? Why, it's quite easy! ≈ Да ведь это так просто! Why, of course I do! ≈ Ну конечно, я это сделаю!
3. сущ.
1) pl. основания, причины wants to know the whys and wherefores ≈ хотеть знать отчего и почему Syn: cause, reason
2) головоломка, загадка Syn: riddle, puzzleenigma причина - the *s and wherefores отчего да почему, причины и основания - every * has a wherefore на все есть свои причины почему?, отчего?;
по какой причине?;
на каком основании? - * did you do that? почему /зачем/ вы это сделали? - * so? почему?, по какой причине? - * not? а почему бы нет? а что?, почему вы спрашиваете? - are you ill? - No, *? вы больны? - Нет, а что такое? почему - I can think of no reason * you should not go я не знаю, почему бы вам не пойти - this is (the reason) * I left so early вот почему /по какой причине/ я так рано ушел почему - I don't know * they are late не знаю, почему они опаздывают > * in thunder /in blazes, the dickens, the deuce, the devil, the hell/...? почему, черт возьми /побери/...? как!, ба! (выражает удивление) - *, it is Smith! ба, да ведь это Смит! - *, what's the matter? в чем дело? - *, this is the very book I want! да ведь это та самая книга, которую я ищу! да, ну (выражает нетерпение) - *, of course that was it ну конечно, это так! - *, sure (разговорное) ну конечно же! пожалуй( выражает колебание) - is it true? - *, yes, I think so это правда? - Да как вам сказать? Пожалуй, да да как же!, ну конечно! ( выражает догадку) ведь, да (выражает возражение) - *, it is quite easy! да ведь это вовсе не трудно! - *, what's the harm? ну так что за беда? ~ (pl whys) основание, причина;
to go into the whys and wherefores of it углубляться в причины ~ adv rel. почему;
I can think of no reason why you shouldn't go there почему бы вам не пойти туда? ~ adv conj. почему;
I don't know why they are late не знаю, почему они опаздывают ~ int выражает нерешительность: why, yes, I think so как вам сказать? Я думаю, да ~ int выражает: удивление: why, it is Jones! да ведь это Джоунз! ~ int выражает: нетерпение: why, of course I do ну конечно, да why int выражает возражение или аргумент: why, what is the harm? ну так что ж за беда? why int выражает возражение или аргумент: why, what is the harm? ну так что ж за беда? why int выражает возражение или аргумент: why, what is the harm? ну так что ж за беда? ~ загадка, задача ~ int выражает нерешительность: why, yes, I think so как вам сказать? Я думаю, да ~ int выражает нерешительность: why, yes, I think so как вам сказать? Я думаю, да ~ int выражает: нетерпение: why, of course I do ну конечно, да ~ int выражает: нетерпение: why, of course I do ну конечно, да ~ (pl whys) основание, причина;
to go into the whys and wherefores of it углубляться в причины ~ adv conj. почему;
I don't know why they are late не знаю, почему они опаздывают ~ adv rel. почему;
I can think of no reason why you shouldn't go there почему бы вам не пойти туда? ~ adv inter. почему?;
why so? по какой причине?;
на каком основании? ~ int выражает: удивление: why, it is Jones! да ведь это Джоунз! ~ int выражает: удивление: why, it is Jones! да ведь это Джоунз!

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > why
9 switchboard
коммутатор
Устройство, обеспечивающее посредством включения, отключения и переключения электрических цепей выбор требуемой выходной цепи и соединение с ней входной цепи
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]

Тематики
- аппарат, изделие, устройство...
EN
- commutator
- switchboard
DE
FR
- commutateur
коммутаторная панель
распределительный щит
Устройство, конструктивно объединяющее несколько коммутационных элементов, предназначенных для включения, отключения и переключения электрических цепей и каналов связи в ручном режиме.
[Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
Синонимы
- распределительный щит
EN
- switchboard
коммутационный щит
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]

Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
- switchboard
низковольтное устройство распределения и управления (НКУ)
Низковольтные коммутационные аппараты и устройства управления, измерения, сигнализации, защиты, регулирования, собранные совместно, со всеми внутренними электрическими и механическими соединениями и конструктивными элементами.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 61439-1-2012]

низковольтное устройство распределения и управления
Комбинация низковольтных коммутационных аппаратов с устройствами управления, измерения, сигнализации, защиты, регулирования и т. п., полностью смонтированных изготовителем НКУ (под его ответственность на единой конструктивной основе) со всеми внутренними электрическими и механическими соединениями с соответствующими конструктивными элементами
Примечания
1. В настоящем стандарте сокращение НКУ используют для обозначения низковольтных комплектных устройств распределения и управления.
2. Аппараты, входящие в состав НКУ, могут быть электромеханическими или электронными.
3. По различным причинам, например по условиям транспортирования или изготовления, некоторые операции сборки могут быть выполнены на месте установки, вне предприятия-изготовителя.
[ ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60439-1-92)]

EN

power switchgear and controlgear assembly (PSC-assembly)
low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly used to distribute and control energy for all types of loads, intended for industrial, commercial and similar applications where operation by ordinary persons is not intended
[IEC 61439-2, ed. 1.0 (2009-01)]

low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly
combination of one or more low-voltage switching devices together with associated control, measuring, signalling, protective, regulation equipment, etc., completely assembled under the responsibility of the manufacturer with all the internal electrical and mechanical interconnections and structural parts.
[IEC 61892-3, ed. 2.0 (2007-11)]

switchgear and controlgear
a general term covering switching devices and their combination with associated control, measuring, protective and regulating equipment, also assemblies of such devices and equipment with associated interconnections, accessories, enclosures and supporting structures
[IEV number 441-11-01]

switchgear and controlgear
electric equipment intended to be connected to an electric circuit for the purpose of carrying out one or more of the following functions: protection, control, isolation, switching
NOTE – The French and English terms can be considered as equivalent in most cases. However, the French term has a broader meaning than the English term and includes for example connecting devices, plugs and socket-outlets, etc. In English, these latter devices are known as accessories.
[IEV number 826-16-03 ]

switchboard
A large single electric control panel, frame, or assembly of panels on which are mounted (either on the back or on the face, or both) switches, overcurrent and other protective devices, buses, and usually instruments; not intended for installation in a cabinet but may be completely enclosed in metal; usually is accessible from both the front and rear.
[ McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture & Construction]

switchboard
One or more panels accommodating control switches, indicators, and other apparatus for operating electric circuits
[ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]

FR

ensemble d'appareillage de puissance (ensemble PSC)
ensemble d'appareillage à basse tension utilisé pour répartir et commander l'énergie pour tous les types de charges et prévu pour des applications industrielles, commerciales et analogues dans lesquelles l'exploitation par des personnes ordinaires n'est pas prévue
[IEC 61439-2, ed. 1.0 (2009-01)]

appareillage, m
matériel électrique destiné à être relié à un circuit électrique en vue d'assurer une ou plusieurs des fonctions suivantes: protection, commande, sectionnement, connexion
NOTE – Les termes français et anglais peuvent être considérés comme équivalents dans la plupart des cas. Toutefois, le terme français couvre un domaine plus étendu que le terme anglais, et comprend notamment les dispositifs de connexion, les prises de courant, etc. En anglais, ces derniers sont dénommés "accessories".
[IEV number 826-16-03 ]

appareillage
terme général applicable aux appareils de connexion et à leur combinaison avec des appareils de commande, de mesure, de protection et de réglage qui leur sont associés, ainsi qu'aux ensembles de tels appareils avec les connexions, les accessoires, les enveloppes et les charpentes correspondantes
[IEV number 441-11-01]

A switchboard as defined in the National Electrical Code is a large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels on which are mounted, on the face or back or both switches, overcurrent and other protective devices, buses, and, usually, instruments.
Switchboards are generally accessible from the rear as well as from the front and are not intended to be installed in cabinets.
The types of switchboards, classified by basic features of construction, are as follows:
1. Live-front vertical panels
2. Dead-front boards
3. Safety enclosed boards( metal-clad)

[American electricians’ handbook]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

The switchboard plays an essential role in the availability of electric power, while meeting the needs of personal and property safety.

Its definition, design and installation are based on precise rules; there is no place for improvisation.

The IEC 61439 standard aims to better define " low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies", ensuring that the specified performances are reached.

It specifies in particular:

> the responsibilities of each player, distinguishing those of the original equipment manufacturer - the organization that performed the original design and associated verification of an assembly in accordance with the standard, and of the assembly manufacturer - the organization taking responsibility for the finished assembly;

> the design and verification rules, constituting a benchmark for product certification.

All the component parts of the electrical switchboard are concerned by the IEC 61439 standard.

Equipment produced in accordance with the requirements of this switchboard standard ensures the safety and reliability of the installation.

A switchboard must comply with the requirements of standard IEC 61439-1 and 2 to guarantee the safety and reliability of the installation.

Managers of installations, fully aware of the professional and legal liabilities weighing on their company and on themselves, demand a high level of safety for the electrical installation.

What is more, the serious economic consequences of prolonged halts in production mean that the electrical switchboard must provide excellent continuity of service, whatever the operating conditions.

[Schneider Electric]

НКУ играет главную роль в обеспечении электроэнергией, удовлетворяя при этом всем требованиям по безопасности людей и сохранности имущества.

Выбор конструкции, проектирование и монтаж основаны на чётких правилах, не допускающих никакой импровизации.

Требования к низковольтным комплектным устройствам распределения и управления сформулированы в стандарте МЭК 61439 (ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000).

В частности, он определяет:

> распределение ответственности между изготовителем НКУ - организацией, разработавшей конструкцию НКУ и проверившей его на соответствие требованиям стандарта, и сборщиком – организацией, выполнившей сборку НКУ;

> конструкцию, технические характеристики, виды и методы испытаний НКУ.

В стандарте МЭК 61439 (ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000) описываются все компоненты НКУ.

Оборудование, изготовленное в соответствии с требованиями этого стандарта, обеспечивает безопасность и надежность электроустановки.

Для того чтобы гарантировать безопасность эксплуатации и надежность работы электроустановки, распределительный щит должен соответствовать требованиям стандарта МЭК 61439-1 и 2.

Лица, ответственные за электроустановки, должны быть полностью осведомлены о профессиональной и юридической ответственности, возложенной на их компанию и на них лично, за обеспечение высокого уровня безопасности эксплуатации этих электроустановок.

Кроме того, поскольку длительные перерывы производства приводят к серьезным экономическим последствиям, электрический распределительный щит должен обеспечивать надежную и бесперебойную работу независимо от условий эксплуатации.

[Перевод Интент]

LV switchgear assemblies are undoubtedly the components of the electric installation more subject to the direct intervention of personnel (operations, maintenance, etc.) and for this reason users demand from them higher and higher safety requirements.

The compliance of an assembly with the state of the art and therefore, presumptively, with the relevant technical Standard, cannot be based only on the fact that the components which constitute it comply with the state of the art and therefore, at least presumptively, with the relevant technical standards.

In other words, the whole assembly must be designed, built and tested in compliance with the state of the art.

Since the assemblies under consideration are low voltage equipment, their rated voltage shall not exceed 1000 Va.c. or 1500 Vd.c. As regards currents, neither upper nor lower limits are provided in the application field of this Standard.

The Standard IEC 60439-1 states the construction, safety and maintenance requirements for low voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies, without dealing with the functional aspects which remain a competence of the designer of the plant for which the assembly is intended.

[ABB]

Низковольтные комплектные устройства (НКУ), вне всякого сомнения, являются частями электроустановок, которые наиболее подвержены непосредственному вмешательству оперативного, обслуживающего и т. п. персонала. Вот почему требования потребителей к безопасности НКУ становятся все выше и выше.

Соответствие НКУ современному положению дел и вследствие этого, гипотетически, соответствующим техническим стандартам, не может основываться только на том факте, что составляющие НКУ компоненты соответствуют современному состоянию дел и поэтому, по крайней мере, гипотетически, - соответствующим техническим стандартам

Другими словами, НКУ должно быть разработано, изготовлено и испытано в соответствии с современными требованиями.

Мы рассматриваем низковольтные комплектные устройства и это означает, что их номинальное напряжение не превышает 1000 В переменного тока или 1500 В постоянного тока. Что касается тока, то ни верхнее, ни нижнее значение стандартами, относящимися к данной области, не оговариваются

Стандарт МЭК 60439-1 устанавливает требования к конструкции, безопасности и техническому обслуживанию низковольтных комплектных устройств без учета их функций, полагая, что функции НКУ являются компетенцией проектировщиков электроустановки, частью которых эти НКУ являются.

[Перевод Интент]

Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
Классификация
>>>
Действия
Синонимы
Сопутствующие термины
- изготовитель НКУ
EN
DE
- Schaltanlagen und/oder Schaltgeräte
FR
распределительное устройство
Распределительным устройством (РУ) называется электроустановка, служащая для приема и распределения электроэнергии и содержащая сборные и соединительные шины, коммутационные аппараты, вспомогательные устройства (компрессорные, аккумуляторные и др.), а также устройства защиты, автоматики и измерительные приборы.
[РД 34.20.185-94]

распределительное устройство
Электроустановка, предназначенная для приема и распределения электрической энергии на одном напряжении и содержащая коммутационные аппараты и соединяющие их сборные шины [секции шин], устройства управления и защиты.
Примечание. К устройствам управления относятся аппараты и связывающие их элементы обеспечивающие контроль, измерение, сигнализацию и выполнение команд.
[ ГОСТ 24291-90]
[ ГОСТ Р 53685-2009]

электрическое распределительное устройство
распределительное устройство
Устройство, предназначенное для приема и распределения электроэнергии на одном напряжении и содержащее коммутационные аппараты и соединяющие их сборные соединительные устройства.
Примечание. В состав распределительного устройства дополнительно могут входить устройства защиты и управления
[ОСТ 45.55-99]

распределительное устройство
Электроустановка, служащая для приема и распределения электроэнергии и содержащая коммутационные аппараты, сборные и соединительные шины, вспомогательные устройства (компрессорные, аккумуляторные и др.), а также устройства защиты, автоматики и измерительные приборы.
[ПОТ Р М-016-2001]
[РД 153-34.0-03.150-00]

устройство распределительное
Совокупность аппаратов и приборов для приёма и распределения электроэнергии одного напряжения, вырабатываемой электростанцией или преобразуемой подстанцией
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]

EN

switching substation
a substation which includes switchgear and usually busbars, but no power transformers
[IEV number 605-01-02]

FR

poste de sectionnement
poste de coupure
poste comprenant des organes de manoeuvre et généralement des jeux de barres, à l'exclusion de transformateurs de puissance
[IEV number 605-01-02]

В качестве РУ 6—10 кВ используется сборка высокого напряжения с однополюсными разъединителями и вертикальным расположением фаз одного присоединения и одна камера КСО с выключателем нагрузки и предохранителями для подключения трансформатора. Для РУ 0,4 кВ применяются сборки низкого напряжения с предохранителями и вертикальным расположением фаз одного присоединения.
На ПС применяются открытые (ОРУ), закрытые (ЗРУ) или комплектные (КРУ) распределительные устройства.

[ http://energy-ua.com/elektricheskie-p/klassifikatsiya.html]

КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ

В общем случае ПС и РУ являются составной частью электроустановок, которые различаются:
- по назначению:
  - генерирующие,
  - преобразовательно-распределительные,
  - потребительские.
    
    Генерирующие электроустановки служат для выработки электроэнергии, преобразовательно-распределительные электроустановки преобразуют электроэнергию в удобный для передачи и потребления вид, передают ее и распределяют между потребителями;
- по роду тока:
  - постоянного тока,
  - переменного тока.
- по напряжению:
  - до 1000 В,
  - выше 1000 В.
Шкала номинальных напряжений ограничена сравнительно небольшим числом стандартных значений, благодаря чему изготавливается небольшое число типоразмеров машин и оборудования, а электросети выполняются более экономичными. В установках трехфазного тока номинальным напряжением принято считать напряжение между фазами (междуфазовое напряжение). Согласно ГОСТ 29322—92 установлена следующая шкала номинальных напряжений:

для электросетей переменного тока частотой 50 Гц междуфазовое напряжение должно быть: 12, 24, 36, 42, 127, 220, 380 В; 3, 6, 10, 20, 35, 110, 150, 220, 330, 500, 750 и 1150 кВ;
для электросетей постоянного тока: 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 110, 220, 440, 660, 825, 3000 В и выше.
- по способу присоединения к электросети ПС разделяются на:
  - тупиковые (блочные),
  - ответвительные (блочные),
  - проходные (транзитные)
  - узловые.
Тупиковые ПС получают питание по одной или двум тупиковым ВЛ.

Ответвительные ПС присоединяются ответвлением к одной или двум проходящим ВЛ с односторонним или двухсторонним питанием.

Проходные ПС включаются в рассечку одной или двух проходящих ВЛ с односторонним или двухсторонним питанием.

Узловые ПС кроме питающих имеют отходящие радиальные или транзитные ВЛ.
- по способу управления ПС могут быть:
  - только с телесигнализацией,
  - телеуправляемыми с телесигнализацией,
  - с телесигнализацией и управлением с общеподстанционного пункта управления (ОПУ).
Подстанции оперативно обслуживаются постоянным дежурным персоналом на щите управления, дежурными на дому или оперативно-выездными бригадами (ОВБ). Ремонт ПС осуществляется специализированными выездными бригадами централизованного ремонта или местным персоналом подстанции.

В РУ напряжением до 1000 В провода, шины, аппараты, приборы и конструкции выбирают как по нормальным условиям работы (напряжению и току), так и по термическим и динамическим воздействиям токов коротких замыканий (КЗ) или предельно допустимой отключаемой мощности.

В РУ и ПС напряжением выше 1000 В расстояния между электрооборудованием, аппаратами, токоведущими частями, изоляторами, ограждениями и конструкциями устанавливаются так, чтобы при нормальном режиме работы электроустановки возникающие физические явления (температура нагрева, электрическая дуга, выброс газов, искрение и др.) не могли привести к повреждению оборудования и КЗ.

[ http://energy-ua.com/elektricheskie-p/klassifikatsiya.html]

Several different classifications of switchgear can be made:
- By the current rating.
- By interrupting rating (maximum short circuit current that the device can safely interrupt)
  - Circuit breakers can open and close on fault currents
  - Load-break/Load-make switches can switch normal system load currents
  - Isolators may only be operated while the circuit is dead, or the load current is very small.
- By voltage class:
  - Low voltage (less than 1,000 volts AC)
  - Medium voltage (1,000–35,000 volts AC)
  - High voltage (more than 35,000 volts AC)
- By insulating medium:
  - Air
  - Gas (SF6 or mixtures)
  - Oil
  - Vacuum
- By construction type:
  - Indoor (further classified by IP (Ingress Protection) class or NEMA enclosure type)
  - Outdoor
  - Industrial
  - Utility
  - Marine
  - Draw-out elements (removable without many tools)
  - Fixed elements (bolted fasteners)
  - Live-front
  - Dead-front
  - Open
  - Metal-enclosed
  - Metal-clad
  - Metal enclosed & Metal clad
  - Arc-resistant
- By IEC degree of internal separation
  - No Separation (Form 1)
  - Busbars separated from functional units (Form 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b)
  - Terminals for external conductors separated from busbars (Form 2b, 3b, 4a, 4b)
  - Terminals for external conductors separated from functional units but not from each other (Form 3a, 3b)
  - Functional units separated from each other (Form 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b)
  - Terminals for external conductors separated from each other (Form 4a, 4b)
  - Terminals for external conductors separate from their associated functional unit (Form 4b)
- By interrupting device:
- By operating method:
  - Manually operated
  - Motor/stored energy operated
  - Solenoid operated
- By type of current:
  - Alternating current
  - Direct current
- By application:
  - Transmission system
  - Distribution
- By purpose
  - Isolating switches (disconnectors)
  - Load-break switches.
  - Grounding (earthing) switches
A single line-up may incorporate several different types of devices, for example, air-insulated bus, vacuum circuit breakers, and manually operated switches may all exist in the same row of cubicles.

Ratings, design, specifications and details of switchgear are set by a multitude of standards. In North America mostly IEEE and ANSI standards are used, much of the rest of the world uses IEC standards, sometimes with local national derivatives or variations.

[Robert W. Smeaton (ed) Switchgear and Control Handbook 3rd Ed., Mc Graw Hill, new York 1997]
[ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_voltage_switchgear]

Тематики
- электрификация, электроснабж. железных дорог
- электроагрегаты генераторные
- электробезопасность
- электроснабжение в целом
Синонимы
- РУ
- электрическое распределительное устройство
EN
DE
- Schaltanlage
- Schaltstation
FR
распределительный щит
Комплектное устройство, содержащее различную коммутационную аппаратуру, соединенное с одной или более отходящими электрическими цепями, питающееся от одной или более входящих цепей, вместе с зажимами для присоединения нейтральных и защитных проводников.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

щит распределительный
Электротехническое устройство, объединяющее коммутационную, регулирующую и защитную аппаратуру, а также контрольно-измерительные и сигнальные приборы
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]

распределительный щит
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

EN

distribution board
assembly containing different types of switchgear and controlgear associated with one or more outgoing electric circuits fed from one or more incoming electric circuits, together with terminals for the neutral and protective conductors.
[IEV number 826-16-08]

FR

tableau de répartition, m
ensemble comportant différents types d'appareillage associés à un ou plusieurs circuits électriques de départ alimentés par un ou plusieurs circuits électriques d'arrivée, ainsi que des bornes pour les conducteurs neutre et de protection.
[IEV number 826-16-08]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

Distribution switchboards, including the Main LV Switchboard (MLVS), are critical to the dependability of an electrical installation. They must comply with well-defined standards governing the design and construction of LV switchgear assemblies

A distribution switchboard is the point at which an incoming-power supply divides into separate circuits, each of which is controlled and protected by the fuses or switchgear of the switchboard. A distribution switchboard is divided into a number of functional units, each comprising all the electrical and mechanical elements that contribute to the fulfilment of a given function. It represents a key link in the dependability chain.

Consequently, the type of distribution switchboard must be perfectly adapted to its application. Its design and construction must comply with applicable standards and working practises.

[Schneider Electric]

Распределительные щиты, включая главный распределительный щит низкого напряжения (ГРЩ), играют решающую роль в обеспечении надежности электроустановки. Они должны отвечать требованиям соответствующих стандартов, определяющих конструкцию и порядок изготовления НКУ распределения электроэнергии.

В распределительном щите выполняется прием электроэнергии и ее распределение по отдельным цепям, каждая из которых контролируется и защищается плавкими предохранителями или автоматическими выключателями.
Распределительный щит состоит из функциональных блоков, включающих в себя все электрические и механические элементы, необходимые для выполнения требуемой функции. Распределительный щит представляет собой ключевое звено в цепи обеспечения надежности.

Тип распределительного щита должен соответствовать области применения. Конструкция и изготовление распределительного щита должны удовлетворять требованиям применимых стандартов и учитывать накопленную практику применения.

[Перевод Интент]

Рис. Schneider Electric

With Prisma Plus G you can be sure to build 100% Schneider Electric switchboards that are safe, optimised:

> All components (switchgear, distribution blocks, prefabricated connections, etc.) are perfectly rated and coordinated to work together;

> All switchboard configurations, even the most demanding ones, have been tested.

You can prove that your switchboard meets the current standards, at any time.

You can be sure to build a reliable electrical installation and give your customers full satisfaction in terms of dependability and safety for people and the installation.

Prisma Plus G with its discreet design, blends harmoniously into all tertiary and industrial buildings, including in entrance halls and passageways.

With Prisma Plus G you can build just the right switchboard for your customer, sized precisely to fit costs and needs.

With this complete, prefabricated and tested system, it's easy to upgrade your installation and still maintain the performance levels.

> The wall-mounted and floor-standing enclosures combine easily with switchboards already in service.

> Devices can be replaced or added at any time.

[Schneider Electric]

С помощью оболочек Prisma Plus G можно создавать безопасные распределительные щиты, на 100 % состоящие из изделий Schneider Electric:

> все изделия (коммутационная аппаратура, распределительные блоки, готовые заводские соединения и т. д.) полностью совместимы механически и электрически;

> все варианты компоновки распределительных щитов, в том числе для наиболее ответственных применений, прошли испытания.

В любое время вы можете доказать, что ваши распределительные щиты полностью соответствуют требованиям действующих стандартов.

Вы можете быть полностью уверены в том, что создаете надежные электроустановки, удовлетворяющие всем требованиям безопасности для людей и оборудования

Благодаря строгому дизайну, распределительные щиты Prisma Plus G гармонично сочетаются с интерьером любого общественного или промышленного здания. Они хорошо смотрятся и в вестибюле, и в коридоре.

Применяя оболочки Prisma Plus G можно создавать распределительные щиты, точно соответствующие требованиям заказчика как с точки зрения технических характеристик, так и стоимости.

С помощью данной испытанной системы, содержащей все необходимые компоненты заводского изготовления можно легко модернизировать существующую электроустановку и поддерживать её уровни производительности.

> Навесные и напольные оболочки можно легко присоединить к уже эксплуатируемым распределительным щитам.

> Аппаратуру можно заменять или добавлять в любое время.

[Перевод Интент]

The switchboard, central to the electrical installation.

Both the point of arrival of energy and a device for distribution to the site applications, the LV switchboard is the intelligence of the system, central to the electrical installation.

[Schneider Electric]

Распределительный щит – «сердце» электроустановки.

Низковольтное комплектное устройство распределения является «сердцем» электроустановки, поскольку именно оно принимает электроэнергию из сети и распределяет её по территориально распределенным нагрузкам.

[Перевод Интент]

Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
- электроснабжение в целом
EN
DE
- elektrischer Verteiler, m
- Schalttafel
- Verteiler, m
FR
- tableau de distribution
- tableau de répartition, m
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > switchboard
10 particular

pəˈtɪkjulə
1. прил.
1) а) редкий, особенный We live in an age wherein vice is very general, and virtue very particular. (Steele) ≈ Мы живем в тот век, когда зло стало обыденностью, а добродетель чем-то редким, особенным. б) особенный, особый, специфический
2) уст. частный, личный Syn: private
3) индивидуальный, отдельный, одиночный particular facts ≈ разрозненные факты Syn: individual, single, separate
4) особый, исключительный;
заслуживающий особого внимания in a particular condition Syn: marked;
special
5) а) детальный, обстоятельный, подробный( о рассказе) Syn: detailed, minute III, circumstantial
1. б) обстоятельный, точный, скрупулезный( о рассказчике) I am thus particular in the relation of every incident. ≈ Я в такой же степени внимателен по отношению к любому происшествию. Syn: precise, exact, scrupulous
6) привередливый, разборчивый( о вкусах человека) He was rather particular what he ate and drank. ≈ Он очень привередливо относился к тому, что он ел и пил. Syn: fastidious
2. сущ.
1) частность;
деталь, подробность, тонкость go into particulars go in particulars Syn: detail, minuteness, item
1., point
1., circumstance
2) мн. подробный отчет
3) уст. личность, индивидуум
4) редк. интерес, внимание, уважение (одного человека по отношению к другому)
5) а) разг. близкий друг They are my old particulars. ≈ Это мои старые друзья. б) любимая вещь, предмет ∙ London particular частность, подробность, деталь - minute *s мельчайшие детали - minor *s несущественные подробности - alike in every * похожи во всех отношениях - to be superior in every * превоходить во всех отношениях - to execute smb.'s order in every * точно выполнить чей-либо приказ - to go into *s вдаваться в подробности подробный отчет - to give (all the) *s of давать подробный отчет - persons interested may obtain full *s from... заинтересованные лица могут получить полную информацию от... (разговорное) близкий друг, любимец( разговорное) характерная особенность;
нечто излюбленное - a glass of one's * стаканчик любимого вина > in * в особенности, в частности > I remember one scene in * я особенно запомнил одну сцену > a London * лондонский туман > to ride one's * сесть на своего( любимого) конька > I am going nowhere in * я иду без всякой цели;
я просто гуляю особый, особенный;
специфический - a * case особый случай - take this * pencil возьмите именно этот карандаш - in this * case в данном случае - why did you choose this * subject? почему вы выбрали именно этот предмет? - at this * time именно в это время - to do smth. in a * way делать что-нибудь особым образом - what * book it was he did not know какая это была книга, он не знал исключительный, особый;
заслуживающий особого внимания - the * advantages of smth. особые преимущества чего-либо - a * friend of mine один мой хороший знакомый - it is of no * importance это не имеет особого значения - he took * trouble to return the book in time он постарался вернуть книгу вовремя - for no * reason без особой причины - to have a * dislike for smb. испытывать особую неприязнь к кому-либо - to have nothing * to go не иметь какого-либо определенного дела;
быть свободным - to take * care over doing smth. особенно тщательно делать что-либо индивидуальный, частный, отдельный - one's * interests чьи-либо частные интересы - my own * sentiment мое сугубо личное ощущение - each * item каждый отдельный пункт - our * wrongs наши личные обиды - I cannot fasten this statement to any * person я не могу приписать это утверждение какому-либо определенному лицу подробный, детальный, обстоятельный - a full and * account полный и детальный отчет - he is thus * in relating every incident он особенно обстоятельно рассказывает каждый случай тщательный, аккуратный - to be * in one's speech тщательно подбирать выражения;
следить за своей речью - to be * about one's dress тщательно одеваться;
следить за своим костюмом (about, over) разборчивый, привередливый - to be * about one's food быть привередливым в еде - I am not * about it мне все равно - don't be too * не будьте так требовательны - he is too * about money matters он слишком щепетилен в денежных делах (юридическое) ограниченный - * estate ограниченное право собственности( на недвижимость) ~ тщательный;
to be particular in one's speech тщательно подбирать выражения;
очень следить за своей речью he is a ~ friend of mine он мой близкий друг;
for no particular reason без особого основания;
particular qualities особенности ~ pl подробный отчет;
to give all the particulars давать подробный отчет;
London particular разг. лондонский туман ~ частность;
подробность, деталь;
in particular в частности, в особенности;
to go into particulars вдаваться в подробности he is a ~ friend of mine он мой близкий друг;
for no particular reason без особого основания;
particular qualities особенности ~ частность;
подробность, деталь;
in particular в частности, в особенности;
to go into particulars вдаваться в подробности in ~ в особенности in ~ в частности ~ особый, исключительный;
заслуживающий особого внимания;
it is of no particular importance особой важности это не представляет ~ pl подробный отчет;
to give all the particulars давать подробный отчет;
London particular разг. лондонский туман particular деталь, подробность ~ детальный, подробный ~ детальный ~ индивидуальный, частный, отдельный;
particular goals конкретные цели ~ индивидуальный ~ обстоятельный ~ особенность ~ особенный, особый, частный ~ особенный ~ особый, исключительный;
заслуживающий особого внимания;
it is of no particular importance особой важности это не представляет ~ особый ~ отдельный, определенный, конкретный ~ подробность ~ подробный, детальный, обстоятельный ~ подробный ~ pl подробный отчет;
to give all the particulars давать подробный отчет;
London particular разг. лондонский туман ~ разборчивый, привередливый;
particular about what (или particular as to what) one eats разборчивый в еде ~ разборчивый ~ специфический, особый, особенный ~ специфический ~ тщательный;
to be particular in one's speech тщательно подбирать выражения;
очень следить за своей речью ~ тщательный ~ частность;
подробность, деталь;
in particular в частности, в особенности;
to go into particulars вдаваться в подробности ~ частность ~ частный ~ разборчивый, привередливый;
particular about what (или particular as to what) one eats разборчивый в еде ~ индивидуальный, частный, отдельный;
particular goals конкретные цели he is a ~ friend of mine он мой близкий друг;
for no particular reason без особого основания;
particular qualities особенности

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > particular
11 excuse

1. transitive verb
1) (forgive, exonerate) entschuldigen

excuse oneself — (apologize) sich entschuldigen

excuse me — Entschuldigung; Verzeihung

please excuse me — bitte entschuldigen Sie

excuse me[, what did you say]? — (Amer.) Verzeihung[, was haben Sie gesagt]?

excuse me if I don't get up — entschuldigen Sie, wenn ich nicht aufstehe

excuse somebody something — etwas bei jemandem entschuldigen

I can be excused for confusing them — es ist verzeihlich, dass ich sie verwechselt habe

2) (release) befreien

excuse somebody [from] something — jemanden von etwas befreien

3) (allow to leave) entschuldigen

excuse oneself — sich entschuldigen

if you will excuse me — wenn Sie mich bitte entschuldigen wollen

you are excused — ihr könnt gehen

may I be excused? — (euphem.): (to go to the toilet) darf ich mal austreten?
2. noun
Entschuldigung, die

give or offer an excuse for something — sich für etwas entschuldigen

there is no excuse for what I did — was ich getan habe, ist nicht zu entschuldigen

I'm not trying to make excuses, but... — das soll keine Entschuldigung sein, aber...

any excuse for a drink! — zum Trinken gibt es immer einen Grund!

* * *
1. [ik'skju:z] verb
1) (to forgive or pardon: Excuse me - can you tell me the time?; I'll excuse your carelessness this time.) entschuldigen

2) (to free (someone) from a task, duty etc: May I be excused from writing this essay?) befreien
2. [ik'skju:s] noun
(a reason (given by oneself) for being excused, or a reason for excusing: He has no excuse for being so late.) die Entschuldigung

- academic.ru/25553/excusable">excusable

* * *

ex·cuse

I. vt

[ɪkˈskju:z, ek-]

1. (forgive)

▪ to \excuse sth etw entschuldigen; (make an exception) über etw akk hinwegsehen

\excuse the mess in my room entschuldige bitte meine Unordnung

please \excuse me for arriving late entschuldigen Sie bitte mein Zuspätkommen

to \excuse sb's behaviour jds Verhalten rechtfertigen

to \excuse sb's lateness über jds Unpünktlichkeit hinwegsehen

▪ to \excuse sb [for] sth jdm etw entschuldigen

many of the war criminals were \excused their crimes vielen Kriegsverbrechern wurden ihre Verbrechen nicht angerechnet

▪ to \excuse sb from sth jdn von etw dat befreien

may I be \excused from cricket practice? dürfte ich dem Cricket-Training fernbleiben?

2. (attract attention)

\excuse me! entschuldigen Sie bitte!, Entschuldigung!; (beg pardon) [ich bitte vielmals um] Entschuldigung

my name is Dedijer — \excuse me? mein Name ist Dedijer — wie bitte?; (on leaving)

[if you'll] \excuse me wenn Sie mich jetzt entschuldigen würden

may I be \excused? dürfte ich mal auf die Toilette gehen?

II. n

[ɪkˈskju:s, ek-]

1. (reason) Entschuldigung f, Grund m

please make my \excuses at Thursday's meeting entschuldige mich bitte bei der Sitzung am Donnerstag

2. ( pej: justification) Ausrede f; (cause, reason) Anlass m

there is no \excuse for their behaviour ihr Verhalten lässt sich nicht entschuldigen

poor \excuse schlechte Ausrede

to look for an \excuse nach einer Ausrede suchen

to make an \excuse sich akk entschuldigen

I make no \excuses for my views ich entschuldige meine Ansichten nicht

to be always making \excuses sich akk immer herausreden

3. ( fam: poor example)

▪ an \excuse for sth eine armselige Ausführung von etw dat

it was a miserable \excuse for a meal das war ein jämmerliches Essen

* * *
[ɪk'skjuːz]
1. vt

1) (= seek to justify) action, person entschuldigen

such rudeness cannot be excused — so eine Unhöflichkeit ist nicht zu entschuldigen

to excuse oneself — sich entschuldigen (for sth für or wegen etw)

he excused himself for being late —

he excused himself by saying that his English wasn't very good — zu seiner Entschuldigung sagte er, er spreche nicht gut Englisch

2)

(= pardon) to excuse sb — jdm verzeihen

to excuse sb for having done sth — jdm verzeihen, dass er etw getan hat

well, I think I can be excused for believing him — nun, man kann es mir wohl nicht übel nehmen, dass ich ihm geglaubt habe

excuse me for interrupting — entschuldigen or verzeihen Sie bitte die Störung

if you will excuse the expression — wenn Sie mir den Ausdruck gestatten

well, excuse me for asking! — entschuldige, dass ich gefragt habe!

3)

(= set free from obligation) to excuse sb from (doing) sth — jdn von einer Sache befreien, jdm etw erlassen

he is excused attendance — er muss nicht unbedingt anwesend sein; (pupil) er ist vom Schulbesuch befreit

you are excused (to children) — ihr könnt gehen

can I be excused? — darf ich mal verschwinden (inf)?

he excused himself and left the room — er entschuldigte sich und ging aus dem Zimmer

and now if you will excuse me I have work to do — und nun entschuldigen Sie mich bitte, ich habe zu arbeiten

2. n
[ɪks'kjuːs]
1) (= justification) Entschuldigung f

there's no excuse for it — dafür gibt es keine Entschuldigung

they had no excuse for attacking him — sie hatten keinen Grund, ihn anzugreifen

to give sth as an excuse —

he gave two reasons as an excuse for his action — er gab zwei Gründe zur Entschuldigung für seine Tat an

2) (= pretext) Ausrede f, Entschuldigung f

to make excuses for sb/sth — jdn/etw entschuldigen

they made excuses for not having done anything about it — sie brachten Ausreden an, warum sie nichts dagegen unternommen hatten

I have a good excuse for not going —

it was raining – well, that's your excuse — es hat geregnet – das ist wohl deine Ausrede or Entschuldigung

excuses, excuses! — nichts als Ausreden!

you're full of excuses — du hast immer eine Ausrede

he's only making excuses — er sucht nur nach einer Ausrede

a good excuse for a party — ein guter Grund, eine Party zu feiern

3) pl (= apology) Entschuldigung f

to offer one's excuses — sich entschuldigen

4)

an excuse for a steak — ein jämmerliches or armseliges Steak

* * *

excuse

A v/t [ıkˈskjuːz]

1. jemanden oder etwas entschuldigen, rechtfertigen, jemandem oder etwas verzeihen:

excuse me

a) entschuldigen Sie!, Verzeihung!,

b) darf ich mal durch oder vorbei?,

c) entschuldigen Sie mich!,

d) (als Widerspruch) keineswegs!, aber erlauben Sie mal!;

excuse me for being late, excuse my being late verzeihen Sie, dass ich zu spät komme oder mein Zuspätkommen;

excuse my interrupting you entschuldigen Sie die Unterbrechung;

excuse me for living umg entschuldigen Sie, dass es mich gibt!;

please excuse my mistake bitte entschuldigen Sie meinen Irrtum;

excuse o.s. sich entschuldigen oder rechtfertigen;

may I be excused? SCHULE darf ich mal austreten?

2. Nachsicht mit jemandem haben

3. neg für etwas eine Entschuldigung finden:

I cannot excuse his conduct ich kann sein Verhalten nicht gutheißen

4. meist passiv (from) jemanden befreien (von), entheben (gen), jemandem erlassen (akk):

be excused from attendance von der Teilnahme befreit sein oder werden;

be excused from duty dienstfrei bekommen;

I must be excused from doing this ich muss es leider ablehnen, dies zu tun;

I beg to be excused ich bitte, mich zu entschuldigen;

he begs to be excused er lässt sich entschuldigen

5. jemandem etwas erlassen

B s [ıkˈskjuːs]

1. Entschuldigung f:

offer ( oder make) an excuse eine Entschuldigung vorbringen, sich entschuldigen;

in excuse of als oder zur Entschuldigung für;

make my excuses to her entschuldige mich bei ihr

2. Entschuldigungs-, Milderungsgrund m, Rechtfertigung f:

there is no excuse for his conduct für sein Verhalten gibt es keine Entschuldigung oder Rechtfertigung;

without (good) excuse unentschuldigt

3. Ausrede f, -flucht f, Vorwand m ( alle:

for für):

make excuses Ausflüchte machen

4. fig umg dürftiger Ersatz:

a poor excuse for a car eine armselige Kutsche

* * *
1. transitive verb
1) (forgive, exonerate) entschuldigen

excuse oneself — (apologize) sich entschuldigen

excuse me — Entschuldigung; Verzeihung

please excuse me — bitte entschuldigen Sie

excuse me[, what did you say]? — (Amer.) Verzeihung[, was haben Sie gesagt]?

excuse me if I don't get up — entschuldigen Sie, wenn ich nicht aufstehe

excuse somebody something — etwas bei jemandem entschuldigen

I can be excused for confusing them — es ist verzeihlich, dass ich sie verwechselt habe

2) (release) befreien

excuse somebody [from] something — jemanden von etwas befreien

3) (allow to leave) entschuldigen

excuse oneself — sich entschuldigen

if you will excuse me — wenn Sie mich bitte entschuldigen wollen

you are excused — ihr könnt gehen

may I be excused? — (euphem.): (to go to the toilet) darf ich mal austreten?
2. noun
Entschuldigung, die

give or offer an excuse for something — sich für etwas entschuldigen

there is no excuse for what I did — was ich getan habe, ist nicht zu entschuldigen

I'm not trying to make excuses, but... — das soll keine Entschuldigung sein, aber...

any excuse for a drink! — zum Trinken gibt es immer einen Grund!

* * *

n.

Ausflucht f.

Ausrede -n f.

Entschuldigung f. v.

entschuldigen v.

English-german dictionary > excuse
12 Artificial Intelligence

   1) Programs and the Complexity of Human Mental Processes

   In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)

   2) Artificial Intelligence Is an Engineering Discipline

   Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)

   3) A Sceptical View of Artificial Intelligence

   Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inﬂated predictions....

   When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)

   4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually

   Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the Program

   Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)

   6) The Meaning of a Symbolic Description

   What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   7) The Principle of Artificial Intelligence

   [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)

   8) Artificial Intelligence Recognizes the Need for Knowledge in Its Systems

   The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)

   9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form

   The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)

    10) There Are Many Types of Reasoning

   There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:

    Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins ﬂy? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can ﬂy, so robins probably can ﬂy."

    Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)

    11) Programs Are Beginning to Do Things That Critics Have Asserted to Be Impossible

   Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)

    12) The Synthesis of Man and Machine

   Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)

    13) The Thesis of Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence (GOFAI)

   The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)

    14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation

   It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)

    15) Four Kinds of Artificial Intelligence

   We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.

   ♦ Nonpsychological AI

   Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.

   ♦ Weak Psychological AI

   Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.

   ♦ Strong Psychological AI

... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)

   ♦ Suprapsychological AI

   Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)

    16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts

   Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)

    17) Form and Content Are Not Fundamentally Different

   Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System

   Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence

   The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.

   The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)

    20) Mathematical Logic Provides the Basis for Theory in AI

   The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....

   AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)

    21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions

   In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)

    22) Definitions of Artificial Intelligence

   Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)

    23) The Computer Can Not Be a Model of the Mind

   Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)

    24) Computers Will Not Always Be Inferior to Human Brains

   The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
13 account

əˈkaunt
1. сущ.
1) счет, расчет;
подсчет Some banks make it difficult to open an account. ≈ В некоторых банках трудно открыть счет. for account of smb. - on account charge smb.'s account charge smth. to an account close an account with keep accounts open an account with overdraw an account pass to account pay smth. into an account pay an account on smb.'s account lay one's account with smth. settle accounts with smb. active account balance account blocked account charge account checking account correspondent account credit account current account deposit account savings account inactive account individual retirement account joint account outstanding account private account running account account book
2) отчет;
сообщение;
доклад to call to account ≈ призвать к ответу, потребовать объяснения, отчета to give account of smth.≈ давать отчет в чем-л. accurate account biased account blow-by-blow account detailed account eyewitness account fictitious account first-hand account full account newspaper account onesided account press accounts sweep account true account vivid account Syn: report
3) мнение, оценка take into account leave out of account give a good account of oneself not to hold of much account by all accounts
4) основание, причина account of
5) важность, значение make account of be reckoned of some account of good account of high account of much account of no account of small account
6) выгода, польза turn to account turn a thing to account on one's own account turn to good account
7) торговый баланс ∙ to be called to one's account;
to go to one's account амер. to hand in one's account ≈ умереть;
свести счеты с жизнью, покончить с собой
2. гл.
1) считать;
рассматривать I account myself happy. ≈ Я считаю себя счастливым. He was accounted( to be) guilty. ≈ Его признали виновным. The opening day of the battle was, nevertheless, accounted a success. ≈ Первый бой, тем не менее, рассматривался как успех. account smth. a merit
2) отчитываться (перед кем-л. в чем-л.) ;
давать отчет (кому-л. в чем-л.) (to, for) Trade agreements are to be accounted for yearly. ≈ Торговые соглашения проверяются ежегодно. You will have to account to me for all you do. ≈ Вам придется отчитываться передо мной за все свои действия. He could not account for the missing funds.≈ Он не смог отчитаться за недостающие деньги How do you account for the accident? ≈ Как вы объясните причины этого несчастного случая?
3) отвечать, нести ответственность( for) At once accounting for his deep arrears. ≈ Мгновенно расплачиваясь за свои многочисленные долги( Драйден) Syn: answer for
4) разг. убить, уничтожить( for) After a long hunt, the fox was at last accounted for. ≈ После длительного преследования лиса была наконец убита.
5) объяснять( for) He could not account for his foolish mistake. ≈ Он не мог объяснить, почему допустил такую глупую ошибку. This accounts for his behaviour. ≈ Вот чем объясняется его поведение. account for one's conduct account for being late
6) вменять, приписывать( кому-л. какие-л. качества) ;
полагать, считать Fortune was ever accounted inconstant. ≈ Фортуну всегда считали непостоянной.
7) вызывать что-л., приводить к чему-л., служить причиной чего-л. (for) These accidents are accounted for by his negligence. ≈ Причина этих аварий кроется в его халатности. That accounts for it! ≈ Вот, оказывается, в чем дело!
8) считаться с кем-л. (с of) They are nothing to be accounted of. ≈ Кто они такие, чтобы с ними считаться? ∙ one cannot account for tastes ≈ о вкусах не спорят
счет;
- bank * счет в банке;
- correspondent * корреспондентский счет;
- * current, current * текущий счет;
- joint * общий счет;
- private * счет частного лица или фирмы;
- * rendered счет, предъявленный к оплате;
- on smb.'s * на чьем-то счете в банке;
за чей-то счет;
- for * of smb. (коммерческое) за чей-то счет;
- on * (биржевое) в счет причитающейся суммы;
- to open an * with открывать счет;
- to be in * with иметь счет у кого-л.;
иметь дела, быть связанным с;
- to pay an * заплатить по счету, расплатиться;
- to settle *s with smb. рассчитаться с кем-л.;
свести счеты с кем-л.;
- to pass to * внести на счет расчет;
подсчет;
- money of * (коммерческое) расчетная денежная единица;
- for the * (биржевое) с ликвидацией расчетов в течение ближайшего ликвидационного периода;
- to keep * of smth. вести счет чему-л.;
- to take an * of smth. подсчитать что-л.;
составить список чего-л.;
произвести инвентаризацию чего-л. расчеты, отчетность;
сводка;
- activity *s (экономика) хозяйственные счета;
- to adjust *s (бухгалтерское) приводить книги в порядок;
- to cast *s производить расчет;
- to learn *s изучать счетоводство кредит по открытому счету;
- * card кредитная карточка;
- charge this coat to my * запишите это пальто на мой счет отчет;
доклад, сообщение;
- an accurate * of smth. подробный доклад о чем-л.;
- newspaper * газетный отчет;
газетное сообщение;
- to call to * потребовать отчета;
призвать к ответу;
- to give an * давать отчет, отчитываться;
- to give an * of smth. делать отчет о чем-л.;
описывать что-л.;
давать сведения о чем-л.;
объяснять что-л.;
- to give an * of one's absence объяснять причину своего отсутствия описание, рассказ;
- * of the trip рассказ о поездке;
- to trust smb.'s * доверять чьему-л. рассказу;
- let us have your * of yesterday afternoon расскажи нам о том, что ты делал вчера днем сводка данных мнение, отзыв, оценка;
according to all *s, by all *s по общему мнению, по словам всех;
- not to hold of much * быть невысокого мнения, невысоко ценить причина, основание;
- on this * по этой причине;
- on what *? на каком основании?;
- at all *s в любом случае;
во что бы то ни стало;
- not on any *, on no * ни в коем случае, ни под каким видом;
никоим образом;
- on * of из-за, вследствие, ввиду, по случаю, по причине;
- on the public * в общественных интересах значение, важность;
- of good * имеющий ценность;
пользующийся авторитетом;
- to be reckoned of some * иметь некоторый вес, пользоваться определенным вниманием;
- of no * не имеющий веса;
не пользующийся авторитетом;
- of small * незначительный, не имеющий большого значения;
- to make little * of smb., smth. не придавать кому-л., чему-л. большого значения;
- he is of small * here с ним здесь мало считаются внимание к чему-л.;
принятие в расчет чего-л.;
- to take into * принимать во внимание;
- you must take into * the boy's long illness вы должны учесть, что мальчик долго болел;
- to leave smth. out of *, to take no * of smth. не принимать во внимание что-л. выгода, польза;
- on one's own * в своих собственных интересах;
на свой страх и риск;
- to turn smth. to * обратить что-л. в свою пользу, использовать что-л. в своих интересах;
извлечь из чего-л. выгоду;
- she turned her misfortune to * она извлекла пользу даже из своего несчастья = advertising account;
- they got the toothpaste * они получили заказ на рекламирование зубной пасты (любой) заказчик, покупатель, клиент > the great * (религия) день страшного суда, судный день;
> to be called to one's *, to go to one's *, (американизм) to hand in one's *s покончить счеты с жизнью, умереть;
> he cast up *s его стошнило;
> to give a good * of oneself хорошо себя зарекомендовать, успешно справиться;
добиться хороших результатов;
не ударить лицом в грязь считать, признавать;
- to * smth. a merit считать что-л. достоинством;
- I * him a hero я считаю его героем;
- to * oneself lucky полагать, что ты счастливчик;
- he was *ed guilty его признали виновным;
- he was much *ed of его высоко ценили (to, for) отчитываться;
давать отчет;
- you'll have to * to me if anything happens to her если с ней что-нибудь случится, ты мне ответишь;
- he *ed for the money он отчитался за полученную сумму (for) отвечать, нести ответственность;
- he will * for his crime он ответит за свое преступление( for) (разговорное) убить, уничтожить;
обезвредить;
поймать;
- I *ed for three of the attackers я разделался с тремя из нападающих;
- he *ed for five of the enemy planes он сбил пять вражеских самолетов приписывать, вменять;
- many virtues were *ed to him ему приписывали множество добродетелей (for) объяснять;
- to * for one's absence давать объяснения по поводу своего отсутствия;
- I cannot * for his behaviour я не могу объяснить его поведения;
- he could not * for his foolish mistake он не находил объяснения своей нелепой ошибке (for) вызывать что-л., приводить к чему-л., служить причиной чего-л.;
- the humidity *s for the discomfort повышенная влажность является причиной дискомфорта;
- that *s for it! вот, оказывается, в чем дело! > one cannot * for tastes о вкусах не спорят

absorption ~ поглощающий счет

acceptance ~ акцептный счет

account выгода, польза;
to turn to account использовать;
извлекать выгоду;
to turn a thing to account использовать (что-л.) в своих интересах ~ выгода, польза ~ выгода ~ доклад;
сообщение;
отчет ~ доклад ~ заказчик рекламного агентства ~ запись финансовой операции ~ значение, важность;
of no account, of small account, амер. no незначительный;
to make account of придавать значение ~ значение, важность ~ иск с требованием отчетности ~ клиент рекламного агентства ~ мнение, оценка;
by all accounts по общим отзывам;
to give a good account of oneself хорошо себя зарекомендовать ~ мнение ~ объяснять (for - что-л.) ;
this accounts for his behaviour вот чем объясняется его поведение ~ операционный период на Лондонской фондовой бирже ~ основание, причина;
on account of из-за, вследствие ;
on no account ни в коем случае ~ отзыв ~ отчет ~ отчет об исполнении государственного бюджета (Великобритания) ~ отчетность ~ отчитываться (for - в чем-л.) ;
отвечать (for - за что-л.) ~ отчет;
to give an account (of smth.) давать отчет (в чем-л.) ;
to call to account призвать к ответу, потребовать объяснения, отчета ~ оценка ~ подсчет ~ причина, основание ~ расчет ~ расчет по биржевым сделкам ~ регистр ~ рекламодатель ~ сообщение ~ счет ~ счетная формула ~ считать за;
рассматривать как;
I account myself happy я считаю себя счастливым ~ счет, расчет;
подсчет;
for account (of smb.) за счет( кого-л.) ;
on account в счет (чего-л.) ~ торговый баланс ~ учетная статья в бухгалтерской книге ~ финансовый отчет

~ attr.: ~ book конторская книга;
to be called to one's account, to go to one's account амер. to hand in one's account умереть

~ attr.: ~ book конторская книга;
to be called to one's account, to go to one's account амер. to hand in one's account умереть book: account ~ бухгалтерская книга account ~ журнал бухгалтерского учета

~ current текущий счет;
joint account общий счет;
to keep accounts бухг. вести книги current: account ~ (A/C) контокоррент account ~ (A/C) открытый счет account ~ (A/C) текущий банковский счет account ~ текущий счет

~ for давать отчет ~ for нести ответственность ~ for объяснять ~ for отвечать ~ for отчитываться ~ for являться причиной

~ for current operations отчет по текущим операциям

~ for new buildings счет к оплате за новые здания

~ for the accumulation of payments счет к оплате накопленных платежей

~ for various payments счет к оплате различных платежей

~ of charges счет издержек ~ of charges счет накладных расходов

~ of commission счет комиссионных платежей

~ of estate счет за имущество

~ of goods purchased счет на закупленные товары

~ of heating expenses счет затрат на отопление

~ of recourse счет с правом регресса

~ of third party депозитный счет, допускающий платежи в пользу третьих лиц

~ subject to notice счет с уведомлением

~ with correspondent bank счет в банке-корреспонденте

~ with correspondent bank abroad счет в банке-корреспонденте за рубежом

~ with overdraft facility счет, по которому допущен овердрафт ~ with overdraft facility счет с превышением кредитного лимита

~ with the Treasury счет в министерстве финансов

advertising ~ счет за рекламу

annual ~ годовая выписка со счета annual ~ годовой расчет annual ~ ежегодный финансовый отчет;
ежегодный бухгалтерский отчет

appropriation ~ счет ассигнований

asset ~ бухг. счет актива

assets held in post giro ~ активы на счете почтовых жиросчетов

balance ~ балансовый счет

balance an ~ закрывать счет

balance sheet ~ статья бухгалтерского баланса

balance sheet in ~ form балансовый отчет в виде счета

bank ~ банковский счет bank ~ счет в банке bank: ~ attr. банковый, банковский;
bank account счет в банке;
bank currency банкноты, выпущенные в обращение национальными банками

~ attr.: ~ book конторская книга;
to be called to one's account, to go to one's account амер. to hand in one's account умереть

bill ~ счет векселей

bills payable ~ счет векселей к уплате

block an ~ замораживать счет

blocked ~ блокированный счет blocked ~ заблокированный счет blocked ~ замороженный счет

bonus ~ счет тантьемы

brief ~ краткое изложение

bring the surplus to ~ записывать излишки на счет

budget ~ бюджетный счет budget ~ семейный счет budget ~ счет потребительского кредита

building society ~ счет жилищно-строительного кооператива

business ~ счет предприятий

business establishment savings ~ сберегательный счет делового предприятия

~ мнение, оценка;
by all accounts по общим отзывам;
to give a good account of oneself хорошо себя зарекомендовать

~ отчет;
to give an account (of smth.) давать отчет (в чем-л.) ;
to call to account призвать к ответу, потребовать объяснения, отчета call: ~ to account привлекать к ответственности

capital ~ баланс движения капиталов capital ~ счет основного капитала

capital ~ of the balance of payments счет движения капитала в платежном балансе capital ~ of the balance of payments счет основного капитала в платежном балансе

capital gains and losses ~ счет доходов от прироста капитала и убытков

cash ~ кассовый счет cash ~ счет cash ~ счет кассы

cashier's ~ кассовый счет

central government's ~ правительственный счет

certificate-of-deposit ~ счет депозитного сертификата

charge ~ кредит по открытому счету charge ~ счет charge ~ счет покупателя в магазине

charges ~ счет

checking ~ текущий счет checking ~ чековый счет

cheque ~ чековый счет

cheque only for ~ чек только для безналичных расчетов

child savings ~ детский сберегательный счет

clearing ~ безналичный расчет между банками clearing ~ клиринговый счет

client's ~ счет клиента

close an ~ закрывать счет

commission ~ счет комиссионных платежей

company ~ счет компании

consolidation ~ объединенный счет

contra ~ контрсчет

contributory pension ~ счет взносов в пенсионный фонд

control ~ контрольный счет

cost control ~ контрольный счет затрат cost control ~ субсчет затрат

costing ~ счет издержек

cover ~ счет

credit ~ (амер.) кредит по открытому счету (в магазине) credit ~ счет пассива баланса credit ~ счет с кредитным сальдо

current ~ контокоррент current ~ открытый счет current ~ текущий платежный баланс current ~ текущий счет

current ~ of balance of payments открытый счет платежного баланса current ~ of balance of payments текущий счет платежного баланса

customer's ~ счет клиента customer's ~ счет покупателя

dead ~ заблокированный счет

debit ~ счет актива баланса debit ~ счет с дебетовым сальдо

debit an ~ относить на дебет счета

deferred ~ счет с отсроченным получением сумм

deferred tax ~ счет отсроченного налога

deficiency ~ дефицитный счет

demand deposit ~ депозитный счет

departmental ~ ведомственный счет

deposit ~ авансовый счет deposit ~ депозитный счет deposit ~ срочный вклад

detail ~ подробный отчет

distribution ~ разделенный счет

dollar ~ долларовый счет

dormant ~ неактивный депозитный счет dormant ~ неактивный клиентский счет

drawer's ~ счет трассанта

drawings ~ счет расходов drawings ~ текущий счет

educational ~ счет за обучение

educational savings ~ счет сбережений для получения образования

entertainment ~ счет на представительские расходы

environmental ~ отчет о состоянии окружающей среды

equalization ~ стабилизационный счет equalization ~ счет валютного регулирования

escrow ~ счет, который находится в руках третьей стороны до урегулирования отношений между двумя принципалами escrow ~ счет в банке, на котором блокируются средства за покупку товара в качестве гарантии завершения товарообменной операции escrow ~ счет условного депонирования

establishment ~ счет организации

exhaustive ~ исчерпывающий отчет

expenditure ~ учет расходов

expense ~ счет подотчетных сумм expense ~ счет расходов

family ~ семейный счет

final ~ итоговый отчет final ~ окончательный расчет

fixed asset ~ счет основного капитала

fixed-term deposit ~ срочный вклад

~ счет, расчет;
подсчет;
for account (of smb.) за счет (кого-л.) ;
on account в счет (чего-л.)

for joint ~ на общий счет for joint ~ на объединенный счет

foreign ~ банк. иностранный счет

foreign currency ~ банковский счет в иностранной валюте

foreign exchange ~ счет в иностранной валюте

forwarding ~ счет за транспортировку forwarding ~ экспедиторский счет

freeze an ~ замораживать счет

freight ~ счет за перевозку

frozen ~ заблокированный счет frozen ~ замороженный счет

furnish an ~ предоставлять отчет

general average ~ мор. страх. счет по общей аварии

general ledger ~ счет в главной бухгалтерской книге general ledger ~ счет в общей бухгалтерской книге

giro ~ жирорасчет giro ~ жиросчет

~ мнение, оценка;
by all accounts по общим отзывам;
to give a good account of oneself хорошо себя зарекомендовать

~ отчет;
to give an account (of smth.) давать отчет (в чем-л.) ;
to call to account призвать к ответу, потребовать объяснения, отчета

~ attr.: ~ book конторская книга;
to be called to one's account, to go to one's account амер. to hand in one's account умереть

the great ~ рел. день страшного суда, судный день

guarantee ~ счет на поручителя

~ attr.: ~ book конторская книга;
to be called to one's account, to go to one's account амер. to hand in one's account умереть

heating ~ выч. счет за отопление

homeownership savings ~ банк. счет сбережений от домовладения

~ считать за;
рассматривать как;
I account myself happy я считаю себя счастливым

impersonal ~ счет, не принадлежащий конкретному лицу

improvements ~ счет затрат на усовершенствования

inactive ~ неактивный депозитный счет inactive ~ неактивный клиентский счет

income ~ счет доходов

index-linked savings ~ индексированный сберегательный счет

indexed pension ~ индексированный пенсионный счет

instalment ~ счет платежей в рассрочку

instalment savings ~ сберегательный счет для оплаты покупок в рассрочку

intercompany ~ межфирменный счет

interest ~ счет процентов

interest-bearing ~ счет, приносящий процентный доход

interest-bearing current ~ текущий счет, приносящий процентный доход

interim ~ промежуточный счет

intermediate clearing ~ промежуточный клиринговый счет

investment ~ счет для инвестиционных операций

investment fund ~ счет инвестиционного фонда

investment income ~ счет доходов от капиталовложений

investment savings ~ сберегательный счет капиталовложений

itemized ~ детализированный счет itemized ~ счет с детальным перечислением бухгалтерских проводок itemized ~ счет с детальным перечислением операций

~ current текущий счет;
joint account общий счет;
to keep accounts бухг. вести книги joint ~ общий счет joint ~ объединенный счет

joint venture ~ счет совместного предприятия

~ current текущий счет;
joint account общий счет;
to keep accounts бухг. вести книги accounts: keep ~ бухг. вести счета

key ~ рекл. основной счет

to lay( one's) ~ (with smth.) принимать( что-л.) в расчет to lay (one's) ~ (with smth.) рассчитывать( на что-л.)

to leave out of ~ не принимать во внимание;
not to hold of much account быть невысокого мнения;
to take into account принимать во внимание, в расчет

liability ~ счет пассива

liquidity ~ счет ликвидности

loan ~ ссудный счет loan ~ счет ссуд

loro ~ счет лоро

loss ~ счет убытков

lottery ~ счет выигрышей

maintain an ~ иметь счет в банке

maintenance ~ счет эксплуатационных издержек

~ значение, важность;
of no account, of small account, амер. no незначительный;
to make account of придавать значение

margin ~ маржинальный счет margin ~ счет биржевого спекулянта у брокера по сделкам с маржей

master ~ основной счет

master interest ~ основной счет процентов

materials ~ счет на материалы

month-end ~ расчет на конец месяца

monthly ~ ежемесячный расчет monthly ~ ежемесячный счет

movement on the ~ движение на счете

national giro ~ национальный жиросчет

national income ~ счет национального дохода

negotiated deposit ~ договорный депозитный счет

~ значение, важность;
of no account, of small account, амер. no незначительный;
to make account of придавать значение need: I ~ not have done it мне не следовало этого делать;
must I go there? - No, you need not нужно ли мне туда идти?-Нет, не нужно no: no голос против ~ pron neg. не (= not a) ;
he is no fool он неглуп, он не дурак;
no such thing ничего подобного;
no doubt несомненно;
no wonder неудивительно ~ не (при сравн. ст. = not any, not at all) ~ нет;
no, I cannot нет, не могу ~ нет;
no, I cannot нет, не могу ~ pron neg. никакой (= not any;
перед существительным передается обыкн. словом нет) ;
he has no reason to be offended у него нет (никакой) причины обижаться ~ pron neg. означает запрещение, отсутствие;
no smoking! курить воспрещается! ~ отказ;
he will not take no for an answer он не примет отказа ~ (pl noes) отрицание;
two noes make a yes два отрицания равны утверждению ~ pron neg. с отглагольным существительным или герундием означает невозможность: there's no knowing what may happen нельзя знать, что может случиться ~ голосующие против;
the noes have it большинство против

nominal ~ активно-пассивный счет nominal ~ номинальный счет nominal ~ пассивный счет

noninterest bearing ~ счет без выплаты процентов

nostro ~ счет ностро

to leave out of ~ не принимать во внимание;
not to hold of much account быть невысокого мнения;
to take into account принимать во внимание, в расчет

notice ~ закрытый счет

numbered ~ пронумерованный счет

~ значение, важность;
of no account, of small account, амер. no незначительный;
to make account of придавать значение

~ значение, важность;
of no account, of small account, амер. no незначительный;
to make account of придавать значение

offset ~ контрсчет

~ счет, расчет;
подсчет;
for account (of smb.) за счет (кого-л.) ;
on account в счет (чего-л.) on ~ в счет причитающейся суммы on ~ в частичное погашение причитающейся суммы on ~ на условиях кредита on ~ путем частичного платежа в счет причитающейся суммы on one's own ~ на свой страх и риск;
самостоятельно;
on (smb.'s) account ради( кого-л.)

~ основание, причина;
on account of из-за, вследствие ;
on no account ни в коем случае on ~ of за счет on ~ of по причине

on current ~ на текущий счет

on joint ~ на общем счете on joint ~ на общий счет

~ основание, причина;
on account of из-за, вследствие ;
on no account ни в коем случае

on one's own ~ на свой страх и риск;
самостоятельно;
on (smb.'s) account ради (кого-л.)

on own ~ за собственный счет on own ~ на собственный счет

on-demand ~ счет до востребования on-demand ~ текущий счет

open ~ контокоррент open ~ открытый счет open ~ текущий счет

open an ~ открывать счет open: ~ открывать, основывать;
to open a shop открыть магазин;
to open an account открыть счет (в банке)

operating ~ действующий счет

operations ~ счет по операциям

order ~ счет заказов

others' ~ счет "прочие"

outstanding ~ незавершенный расчет outstanding ~ неоплаченный счет

overdrawn ~ счет с превышенным кредитным лимитом overdrawn ~ счет со снятой суммой, превышающей остаток

own ~ собственный счет

payment on ~ уплата в счет причитающейся суммы payment: ~ on account оплата по безналичному расчету

payroll ~ счет заработной платы

pension savings ~ пенсионный сберегательный счет

personal ~ личный счет personal ~ счет частного лица

piecework ~ счет на сдельные работы

postage ~ счет почтовых сборов

postal ~ почтовый счет

premium savings ~ сберегательный счет страховых премий

private ~ счет фирмы private ~ счет частного лица

prize ~ счет с премиальными начислениями

pro forma ~ фиктивный счет

production ~ производственный счет

profit and loss ~ баланс прибылей и убытков

proprietorship ~ счет, обеспечивающий контроль над правом владения предприятием proprietorship ~ счет капитала

provisional ~ временный счет

publicity ~ счет расходов на рекламу

quarterly ~ счет за квартал

realization ~ счет реализации объектов основного капитала при ликвидации фирмы

rebill ~ счет взаимных расчетов

redemption ~ счет отчислений на амортизацию долга

reexchange ~ счет обратного переводного векселя

render an ~ предъявлять счет render: ~ представлять;
to render thanks приносить благодарность;
to render an account for payment представлять счет к оплате;
to render an account докладывать, давать отчет

rental ~ счет арендной платы

replacement ~ счет на замену оборудования

reserve ~ резервный счет

reserve fund ~ счет резервного фонда

residuary ~ остаточный счет

rest-of-the-world ~ счет заграничных операций

revenue ~ счет доходов revenue ~ счет поступлений

running ~ контокоррент, текущий счет running ~ контокоррент running ~ текущий счет running: ~ текущий;
running account текущий счет

safe-custody ~ депонирование ценных бумаг

salary ~ счет заработной платы

sales ~ счет продаж

savings ~ сберегательный счет

savings bank ~ сберегательный счет

savings book ~ счет в банке, все операции по которому отражаются в специальной именной книжке

sectional ~ вспомогательный счет

separate ~ специальный счет

to settle (или to square) accounts (with smb.) рассчитываться( с кем-л.) to settle (или to square) accounts (with smb.) сводить счеты( с кем-л.) accounts: settle ~ оплачивать счета

share ~ паевой счет( в кредитном союзе)

share certificate ~ паевой счет в кредитном союзе (США)

share draft ~ чековый паевой счет, предлагаемый кредитным союзом (США)

share premium ~ счет надбавок к курсу акций share premium ~ счет премий акций

shareholder ~ счет акционера

short-term capital ~ баланс движения краткосрочных капиталов

sight deposit ~ текущий счет

special ~ отдельный счет

special arbitrage ~ специальный арбитражный счет

special drawing ~ специальный открытый счет

special settlement ~ специальный расчетный счет

speculation ~ счет спекулятивных сделок

subsidiary ~ вспомогательный счет

summary ~ заключительный баланс summary ~ итоговый счет summary ~ краткий отчет summary ~ обобщенный счет summary: ~ суммарный, краткий;
summary account краткий отчет

suspense ~ вспомогательный счет suspense ~ промежуточный счет suspense ~ счет переходящих сумм suspense ~ счет причитающихся сумм, взыскание которых сомнительно suspense ~ счет сомнительных дебиторов

take ~ of принимать во внимание take ~ of учитывать

to leave out of ~ не принимать во внимание;
not to hold of much account быть невысокого мнения;
to take into account принимать во внимание, в расчет take into ~ принимать во внимание take into ~ учитывать

tax ~ налоговый счет

tax equalization ~ счет уравнительных налогов

tax-privileged ~ счет с налоговыми льготами

tax-privileged savings ~ сберегательный счет с налоговыми льготами

~ объяснять (for - что-л.) ;
this accounts for his behaviour вот чем объясняется его поведение

time ~ срочный вклад

trading ~ счет, который ведется системой ТАЛИСМАН для каждого участника рынка (Великобритания) trading ~ торговый счет

travel ~ туризм( статья в платежном балансе)

trust ~ доверительный счет trust ~ счет по имуществу, отданному в доверительное управление trust ~ счет фондов социального страхования trust ~ траст, учитываемый на особом счете

account выгода, польза;
to turn to account использовать;
извлекать выгоду;
to turn a thing to account использовать (что-л.) в своих интересах

account выгода, польза;
to turn to account использовать;
извлекать выгоду;
to turn a thing to account использовать (что-л.) в своих интересах turn: ~ to account вносить на счет

unsettled ~ неоплаченный счет unsettled ~ неурегулированный счет

user ~ вчт. счет пользователя

value adjustment ~ счет скорректированной стоимости

variance ~ счет отклонений затрат от нормативного уровня

vostro ~ счет востро vostro ~ счет лоро

wage ~ счет, на который перечисляется заработная плата

withdraw from ~ снимать со счета

working ~ текущий счет

written ~ выписанный счет

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > account
14 that

1. adjective,
pl. those

1) dieser/diese/dieses

2) (expr. strong feeling) der/die/das

never will I forget that day — den Tag werde ich nie vergessen

3) (coupled or contrasted with ‘this’) der/die/das [da]
2. pronoun,
pl. those

1) der/die/das

who is that in the garden? — wer ist das [da] im Garten?

what bird is that? — was für ein Vogel ist das?

I know all that — ich weiß das alles

and [all] that — und so weiter

like that — (of the kind or in the way mentioned, of that character) so

[just] like that — (without effort, thought) einfach so

don't be like that! — sei doch nicht so

don't talk like that — hör auf, so zu reden

he is like that — so ist er eben

that is [to say] — (introducing explanation) das heißt; (introducing reservation) das heißt; genauer gesagt

if they'd have me, that is — das heißt, wenn sie mich nehmen

that's more like it — (of suggestion, news) das hört sich schon besser an; (of action, work) das sieht schon besser aus

that's right! — (expr. approval) gut od. recht so; (iron.) nur so weiter!; (coll.): (expr. assent) jawohl

that's a good etc. boy/girl — das ist lieb [von dir, mein Junge/Mädchen]; (with request) sei so lieb usw.

that will do — das reicht

somebody/something is not as... as all that — (coll.) so... ist jemand/etwas nun auch wieder nicht

[so] that's that — (it's finished) so, das wär's; (it's settled) so ist es nun mal

you are not going to the party, and that's that! — du gehst nicht zu der Party, und damit Schluss!

2) (Brit.): (person spoken to)

who is that? — wer ist da?; (behind wall etc.) wer ist denn da?; (on telephone) wer ist am Apparat?

who was that? — wer war das?
3. relative pronoun, pl. same
der/die/das

the people that you got it from — die Leute, von denen du es bekommen hast

the box that you put the apples in — die Kiste, in die du die Äpfel getan hast

is he the man that you saw last night? — ist das der Mann, den Sie gestern Abend gesehen haben?

everyone that I know — jeder, den ich kenne

this is all [the money] that I have — das ist alles [Geld], was ich habe
4. adverb
(coll.) so

he may be daft, but he's not [all] that daft — er mag ja blöd sein, aber so blöd [ist er] auch wieder nicht
5. relative adverb
der/die/das

at the speed that he was going — bei der Geschwindigkeit, die er hatte

the day that I first met her — der Tag, an dem ich sie zum ersten Mal sah
6. conjunction
1) (introducing statement; expr. result, reason or cause) dass

2) (expr. purpose)

[in order] that — damit

* * *
1. [ðæt] plural - those; adjective
(used to indicate a person, thing etc spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: Don't take this book - take that one; At that time, I was living in Italy; When are you going to return those books?) jene/-r/-s
2. pronoun
(used to indicate a thing etc, or (in plural or with the verb be) person or people, spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: What is that you've got in your hand?; Who is that?; That is the Prime Minister; Those present at the concert included the composer and his wife.) der/die/das
3. [ðət, ðæt] relative pronoun
(used to refer to a person, thing etc mentioned in a preceding clause in order to distinguish it from others: Where is the parcel that arrived this morning?; Who is the man( that) you were talking to?) der/die/das
4. [ðət, ðæt] conjunction
1) ((often omitted) used to report what has been said etc or to introduce other clauses giving facts, reasons, results etc: I know (that) you didn't do it; I was surprised( that) he had gone.) daß

2) (used to introduce expressions of sorrow, wishes etc: That I should be accused of murder!; Oh, that I were with her now!) daß(doch)
5. adverb
(so; to such an extent: I didn't realize she was that ill.) so

- academic.ru/117188/like_that">like that
- that's that
* * *

that

[ðæt,ðət]

I. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE

1. (person, thing specified) der/die/das

put \that box down before you drop it stell die Kiste ab, bevor du sie [womöglich] noch fallen lässt

who is \that girl? wer ist das Mädchen?

what was \that noise? was war das für ein Geräusch?

\that old liar! dieser alte Lügner!

\that... of hers/theirs ihr(e)...

I've never liked \that uncle of hers ich habe ihren Onkel noch nie gemocht

\that... of mine/his mein(e)/dein(e)...

2. (person, thing farther away) der/die/das [... dort [o da]], jene(r, s) geh

do you know \that girl [over there] kennst du das Mädchen [dort]

give me \that book, not this one gib mir das Buch [da], nicht dieses

II. PRONOUN

1. dem (person, thing, action specified) das

\that's not right — three times five is fifteen das stimmt nicht — drei mal fünf ist fünfzehn

they all think \that das denken alle

\that's more like it! das ist doch schon gleich viel besser!

\that's a good idea das ist eine gute Idee

\that's a pity das ist aber schade

\that's terrible das ist ja furchtbar

\that will do, \that's enough das reicht

what's \that you said? was hast du gesagt?

who's \that? is \that the girl you're looking for? wer ist das? ist das das Mädchen, das du suchst?

who's \that on the phone? wer spricht da?

hello, is \that Ben? hallo, bist du das, Ben?

is \that you making all the noise, John? bist du das, der so einen Lärm macht, John?

it's just a gimmick — \that said, I'd love to do it das ist nur ein Trick — dennoch würde ich es gerne machen

take \that! (when hitting sb) [das ist] für dich!

\that's why deshalb

2. dem (person, thing farther away) das [da [o dort]]

I don't want this, give me \that dies hier will ich nicht, gib mir das [da]

\that's his wife over there das da [o dort] drüben ist seine Frau

3. dem (indicating time) das

ah, 1985, \that was a good year ah, 1985, das war ein gutes Jahr

\that was yesterday \that we talked on the phone, not last week wir haben gestern, nicht letzte Woche telefoniert

4. dem, after prep

after/before \that danach/davor

by \that damit

what do you mean by \that? was soll das heißen?

like \that (in such a way) so; (of such a kind) derartig; ( fam: effortlessly) einfach so

if you hold it like \that, it will break wenn du das so hältst, geht es kaputt

we need more people like \that wir brauchen mehr solche Leute

don't talk like \that sprich nicht so

he can't just leave like \that er kann nicht einfach so verschwinden

over/under \that darüber/darunter

with \that damit

[and] with \that he hung up [und] damit legte er auf

“I still think you're wrong” he said and with \that he drove off „ich denke immer noch, dass du Unrecht hast“ sagte er und fuhr davon

5. dem ( form: the one) der/die/das

his appearance was \that of an undergrown man er sah aus, als ob er zu klein gewachsen wäre

his handwriting is \that of a child seine Handschrift ist die eines Kindes

we are often afraid of \that which we cannot understand wir fürchten uns oft vor dem, was wir nicht verstehen

6. dem esp BRIT ( fam: strong confirmation)

are you relieved? — [oh yes,]I am \that bist du erleichtert? — das kannst du [aber] laut sagen fam

7. dem (when finished)

well, \that's it, we've finished o.k., das war's [o wär's], wir sind fertig

\that's it! I'm not putting up with any more of her rudeness jetzt reicht's! ich lasse mir ihre Unverschämtheiten nicht mehr gefallen

she left the room and \that was \that, I never saw her again sie verließ den Raum und das war's, ich habe sie nie wiedergesehen

I won't agree to it and \that's \that ich stimme dem nicht zu, und damit Schluss

\that'll [or \that should] do, \that should be enough das wird reichen

no thanks, \that'll do [or \that's everything] nein danke, das ist alles

8. rel (which, who) der/die/das

\that's the car [\that] John wants to buy das ist das Auto, das John kaufen möchte

I can't find the books [\that] I got from the library ich finde die Bücher nicht, die ich mir aus der Bibliothek ausgeliehen habe

the baby smiles at anyone \that smiles at her das Baby lächelt alle an, die es anlächeln

simpleton \that he is... als Einfaltspinsel, der er ist,...

9. rel (when) als

the year \that Anna was born das Jahr, in dem Anna geboren wurde

10.

▶ and [all] \that ( fam) und so weiter

▶ at \that noch dazu

she was a thief and a clever one at \that sie war eine Diebin, und eine kluge noch dazu

▶ \that is [to say] das heißt

the hotel is closed during low seasons, \that is from October to March das Hotel ist in der Nebensaison, sprich von Oktober bis März, geschlossen

▶ this and \that dies und das

▶ \that was ( form)

General Dunstaple married Miss Hughes \that was General Dunstaple heiratete die frühere Miss Hughes

III. CONJUNCTION

1. (as subject/object) dass

\that such a thing could happen gave me new hope dass so etwas passieren konnte gab mir neue Hoffnung

I knew [\that] he'd never get here on time ich wusste, dass er niemals rechtzeitig hier sein würde

the fact is [\that] we... Fakt ist, dass wir...

2. after adj, vb (as a result)

it was so dark [\that] I couldn't see anything es war so dunkel, dass ich nichts sehen konnte

3. (with a purpose)

so [or in order] \that damit

let's go over the rules again in order \that... gehen wir die Regeln nochmal[s] durch, damit...

4. after adj (in apposition to ‘it’)

it's possible [\that] there'll be a vacancy es ist möglich, dass eine Stelle frei wird

is it true [\that] she's gone back to teaching? stimmt es, dass sie wieder als Lehrerin arbeitet?

5. after -ing words

considering [\that]... wenn man bedenkt, dass...

given \that... vorausgesetzt, dass...

supposing [\that]... angenommen, dass...

6. (as a reason) weil, da [ja]

it's rather \that I'm not well today es ist eher deshalb, weil ich mich heute nicht wohl fühle

I'd like to go, it's just \that I don't have any time ich würde ja gern hingehen, ich hab' bloß [einfach] keine Zeit fam

now \that we've bought a house... jetzt, wo wir ein Haus gekauft haben..

we can't increase our production quantities in \that the machines are presently working to full capacity wir können die Produktion nicht hochfahren, da [nämlich] die Maschinen derzeit voll ausgelastet sind

not \that it's actually my business, but... nicht, dass es mich etwas anginge, aber...

except [\that] außer, dass

his plan sounds perfect except [\that] I don't want to be involved in such a scheme sein Plan hört sich großartig an, nur will ich mit so einem Vorhaben nichts zu tun haben

to the extent \that (so much that) dermaßen... dass; (insofar as) insofern als

the situation has worsened to the extend \that we are calling in an independent expert die Situation hat sich dermaßen verschlimmert, dass wir einen unabhängigen Fachmann hinzuziehen

apes are like people to the extent \that they have some human characteristics Affen sind wie Menschen, insofern als sie gewisse menschliche Eigenschaften haben

7. ( form liter or dated: expressing a wish)

oh \that I were young again! wäre ich doch nochmal jung!

oh \that they would listen! wenn sie [doch] nur zuhören würden!

IV. ADVERB

inv so

she's too young to walk \that far sie ist zu jung, um so weit laufen zu können

it wasn't [all] \that good so gut war es [nun] auch wieder nicht

his words hurt me \that much I cried seine Worte haben mich so verletzt, dass ich weinte

* * *
I [ðt] (weak form) [ðət]
1. dem pron pl those

1) das

what is that? — was ist das?

they all say that — das sagen alle

that is Joe ( over there) —

who is that? — wer ist das?

who is that speaking? — wer spricht (denn) da?; (on phone)

that's what I say or think too — das finde ich auch

if she's as unhappy/stupid etc as (all) that — wenn sie so or derart unglücklich/dumm etc ist

she's not as stupid as all that — so dumm ist sie nun auch (wieder) nicht

I didn't think she'd get/be as angry as that — ich hätte nicht gedacht, dass sie sich so ärgern würde

... and all that —... und so (inf)

like that — so

with luck/talent like that... — bei solchem or so einem (inf) Glück/Talent...

just like that — einfach so

that's got that/him out of the way — so, das wäre geschafft/den wären wir los

that's what I'm here for — dafür bin ich ja hier, das ist meine Aufgabe

that is (to say) — das heißt

oh well, that's that —

there, that's that — so, das wärs

you can't go and that's that — du darfst nicht gehen, und damit hat sichs or und damit basta (inf)

well, that's that then — das wärs dann also

so that was that — damit hatte sichs

that's it! — das ist es!

will he come? – that he will (dial) — kommt er? – (der?) bestimmt

2)

(after prep) after/before/below/over that — danach/davor/darunter/darüber

and... at that — und dabei...

you can get it in any supermarket and quite cheaply at that — man kann es in jedem Supermarkt, und zwar ganz billig, bekommen

my watch is broken already and it was my good one at that — meine Uhr ist schon kaputt und dabei war es meine gute

what do you mean by that? (not understanding) — was wollen Sie damit sagen?; (amazed, annoyed) was soll (denn) das heißen?

as for that — was das betrifft or angeht

if things have or if it has come to that —

with that she got up and left/burst into tears — damit stand sie auf und ging/brach sie in Tränen aus

See:

→ leave

3) (opposed to "this" and "these") das (da), jenes (old, geh)

I prefer this to that — dies ist mir lieber als das (da)

that's the one I like, not this one — das (dort) mag ich, nicht dies (hier)

4)

(followed by rel pron) this theory is different from that which... — diese Theorie unterscheidet sich von derjenigen, die...

that which we call... — das, was wir... nennen

2. dem adj pl those

1) der/die/das, jene(r, s)

what was that noise? — was war das für ein Geräusch?

that child/dog! — dieses Kind/dieser Hund!

that poor girl! — das arme Mädchen!

I only saw him on that one occasion — ich habe ihn nur bei dieser einen Gelegenheit gesehen

that morning I had put on my green dress — an jenem Morgen hatte ich mein grünes Kleid an(gezogen)

everyone agreed on that point — alle waren sich in dem Punkt einig

I like that one — ich mag das da

2) (in opposition to this) der/die/das

I'd like that one, not this one — ich möchte das da, nicht dies hier

she was rushing this way and that — sie rannte hierhin und dorthin

3)

(with poss) that dog of yours! — Ihr Hund, dieser Hund von Ihnen

what about that plan of yours now? — wie steht es denn jetzt mit Ihrem Plan?, was ist denn nun mit Ihrem Plan?

3. dem adv (inf)
so
he was at least that much taller than me — er war mindestens (um) so viel größer als ich

it's not that good/cold etc —

it's not that good a film — SO ein guter Film ist es nun auch wieder nicht

he was that angry — er hat sich DERart(ig) geärgert
II
rel pron

1) der/die/das, die

all/nothing/everything etc that... — alles/nichts/alles etc, was...

the best/cheapest etc that... — das Beste/Billigste etc, das or was...

fool that I am — ich Idiot

the girl that I told you about — das Mädchen, von dem ich Ihnen erzählt habe

no-one has come that I know of — meines Wissens or soviel ich weiß, ist niemand gekommen

2)

(with expressions of time) the minute that he came the phone rang — genau in dem Augenblick, als er kam, klingelte das Telefon

the day that we spent on the beach was one of the hottest — der Tag, den wir am Strand verbrachten, war einer der heißesten

the day that... — an dem Tag, als...
III
conj

1) dass

she promised that she would come — sie versprach zu kommen

he said that it was wrong — er sagte, es sei or wäre (inf) falsch, er sagte, dass es falsch sei or wäre

not that I want to do it — nicht (etwa), dass ich das tun wollte

See:

→ so

2)

(in exclamations) that things or it should come to this! —

oh that I could only see you again (liter) — oh, dass ich dich doch wiedersehen könnte! (liter)

3) (obs, liter: in order that) auf dass (old)

* * *

that¹ [ðæt]

A pron & adj (hinweisend) pl those [ðəʊz]

1. (ohne pl) das:

that is true das stimmt;

that’s all das ist alles;

that’s it!

a) so ists recht!,

b) das ist es ja (gerade)!;

that’s what it is das ist es ja gerade;

that’s that umg das wäre erledigt, damit basta;

well, that was that! umg aus der Traum!;

that is (to say) das heißt;

and that und zwar;

at that

a) trotzdem,

b) zudem, (noch) obendrein;

for all that trotz alledem;

like that so;

that’s what he told me so hat er es mir erzählt;

that’s a good boy sei schön brav!; → leave¹ A 2

2. (besonders von weiter entfernten Personen etc sowie zur Betonung und pej) jener, jene, jenes:

this cake is much better than that (one) dieser Kuchen ist viel besser als jener;

that car over there das Auto da drüben;

look at that hat schau dir mal diesen komischen Hut an!;

those who diejenigen, welche;

that which das, was;

those were his words das waren seine Worte

3. solch(er, e, es):

to that degree that … in solchem Ausmaße oder so sehr, dass …

B adv umg so (sehr), dermaßen:

that far so weit;

that furious so oder dermaßen wütend;

not all that good so gut auch wieder nicht;

he can’t be that ill so krank kann er gar nicht sein;

that much so viel;

it’s that simple so einfach ist das

that² [ðət; ðæt] pl that rel pr

1. ( in einschränkenden Sätzen; eine präp darf nie davor stehen) der, die, das, welch(er, e, es):

the book that he wanted das Buch, das er wünschte;

the man that I spoke of der Mann, von dem ich sprach;

the day that I met her der Tag, an dem ich sie traf;

any house that jedes Haus, das;

no one that keiner, der;

Mrs Jones, Miss Black that was umg Frau Jones, geborene Black;

Mrs Quilp that is umg die jetzige Frau Quilp

2. ( nach all, everything, nothing etc) was:

all that alles, was;

the best that das Beste, was

that³ [ðət; ðæt] konj

1. (in Subjekt- und Objektsätzen) dass:

it is a pity that he is not here es ist schade, dass er nicht hier ist;

it is 5 years that he went away es ist nun 5 Jahre her, dass oder seitdem er fortging;

I am not sure that it will be there ich bin nicht sicher, ob oder dass es dort ist oder sein wird

2. (in Konsekutivsätzen) dass:

so that sodass;

I was so tired that I went to bed ich war so müde, dass ich zu Bett ging

3. (in Finalsätzen) damit, dass:

we went there that we might see it wir gingen hin, um es zu sehen

4. (in Kausalsätzen) weil, da (ja), dass:

not that I have any objection nicht, dass ich etwas dagegen hätte;

it is rather that … es ist eher deshalb, weil …;

in that

a) darum, weil,

b) insofern, als

5. (in Wunschsätzen und Ausrufen) dass:

o that I could believe it! dass ich es doch glauben könnte!

6. (nach Adverbien der Zeit) da, als:

now that jetzt, da;

at the time that I was born zu der Zeit, als ich geboren wurde

* * *
1. adjective,
pl. those

1) dieser/diese/dieses

2) (expr. strong feeling) der/die/das

never will I forget that day — den Tag werde ich nie vergessen

3) (coupled or contrasted with ‘this’) der/die/das [da]
2. pronoun,
pl. those

1) der/die/das

who is that in the garden? — wer ist das [da] im Garten?

what bird is that? — was für ein Vogel ist das?

I know all that — ich weiß das alles

and [all] that — und so weiter

like that — (of the kind or in the way mentioned, of that character) so

[just] like that — (without effort, thought) einfach so

don't be like that! — sei doch nicht so

don't talk like that — hör auf, so zu reden

he is like that — so ist er eben

that is [to say] — (introducing explanation) das heißt; (introducing reservation) das heißt; genauer gesagt

if they'd have me, that is — das heißt, wenn sie mich nehmen

that's more like it — (of suggestion, news) das hört sich schon besser an; (of action, work) das sieht schon besser aus

that's right! — (expr. approval) gut od. recht so; (iron.) nur so weiter!; (coll.): (expr. assent) jawohl

that's a good etc. boy/girl — das ist lieb [von dir, mein Junge/Mädchen]; (with request) sei so lieb usw.

that will do — das reicht

somebody/something is not as... as all that — (coll.) so... ist jemand/etwas nun auch wieder nicht

[so] that's that — (it's finished) so, das wär's; (it's settled) so ist es nun mal

you are not going to the party, and that's that! — du gehst nicht zu der Party, und damit Schluss!

2) (Brit.): (person spoken to)

who is that? — wer ist da?; (behind wall etc.) wer ist denn da?; (on telephone) wer ist am Apparat?

who was that? — wer war das?
3. relative pronoun, pl. same
der/die/das

the people that you got it from — die Leute, von denen du es bekommen hast

the box that you put the apples in — die Kiste, in die du die Äpfel getan hast

is he the man that you saw last night? — ist das der Mann, den Sie gestern Abend gesehen haben?

everyone that I know — jeder, den ich kenne

this is all [the money] that I have — das ist alles [Geld], was ich habe
4. adverb
(coll.) so

he may be daft, but he's not [all] that daft — er mag ja blöd sein, aber so blöd [ist er] auch wieder nicht
5. relative adverb
der/die/das

at the speed that he was going — bei der Geschwindigkeit, die er hatte

the day that I first met her — der Tag, an dem ich sie zum ersten Mal sah
6. conjunction
1) (introducing statement; expr. result, reason or cause) dass

2) (expr. purpose)

[in order] that — damit

* * *

adj.

dasjenig pron.

dies adj. conj.

dass konj. pron.

das pron.

derjenig pron.

diejenig pron.

dies pron.

welch pron.

welcher pron.

welches pron.

English-german dictionary > that
15 think

θɪŋk гл.
1) а) думать, мыслить Syn: cogitate, deliberate, meditate, muse, ponder, reason, reflect, ruminate, speculate б) размышлять, обдумывать (about, of - о ком-л., чем-л.) ;
в) думать, полагать, считать, иметь( какое-л.) мнение to think fit, think good ≈ счесть возможным, уместным I think no harm in it. ≈ Я не вижу в этом вреда. What do you think of this singer? ≈ Что ты думаешь об этом певце?
2) а) понимать, представлять себе I can't think how you did it. ≈ Не могу себе представить, как вы это сделали. I cannot think what he means. ≈ Не могу понять, что он хочет сказать. б) ожидать, предполагать в) мечтать, постоянно думать;
придумывать, находить (of) I cannot think of the right word. ≈ Не могу придумать подходящего слова.
3) вспоминать, восстанавливать в памяти I think how we were once friends. ≈ Я вспоминаю о том, как мы когда-то дружили. I can't think of his name. ≈ Не могу припомнить его имени. ∙ think about think again think away think aloud think back think before think fit think for think of think nothing of think on think out think over think through think to think up think upon he thinks he is it разг. ≈ он о себе высокого мнения I think little/nothing of 30 miles a day ≈ делать 30 миль в день для меня сущий пустяк I don't think (прибавляется к ирон. утверждению) ≈ нечего сказать;
ни дать ни взять to think the world of ≈ быть высокого мнения о think better of размышление - to have a long * about smth. как следует поразмыслить о чем-л. мысль;
мнение думать, размышлять;
мыслить - to * clearly ясно мыслить - to * aloud думать /размышлять/ вслух - to * (twice) before doing smth. подумать (дважды), прежде чем сделать что-л. - to * hard подумать как следует - to learn to * in English научиться думать по-английски;
усвоить английский образ мыслей - to * to oneself for a moment задуматься на минутку - I'll * about /of/ it я подумаю об этом - * of what I've told you подумайте над моими словами - don't * of him any more выкиньте его из головы - this has set me *ing это заставило меня задуматься - I did it without *ing я сделал это не подумав - just * a minute! подумай немного! - * again! не торопись, подумай еще! - it's so noisy here I can't * здесь так шумно, я не могу сосредоточиться - the reader will have much to * about читателю будет о чем подумать - he's not so handsome, (when you) come to * of it если подумать - не такой уж он красавец - did you * to bring any money? (а) тебе не пришло в голову взять денег? - I'm glad to * (that) I have been of use to you мне приятно думать, что я был вам чем-то полезен - I've been *ing that... мне пришло в голову, что... - he *s he knows everything он воображает, будто знает все( на свете) - what will people *? что люди подумают? - I no longer knew what to * я не знал, что и (по) думать;
я терялся в догадках - he says all he *s он говорит все, что думает;
что он думает, то и говорит думать, иметь в голове - to * black thoughts лелеять черные мысли - to * scorn of smb. (устаревшее) думать с презрением о ком-л.;
презирать кого-л. - he thought base thoughts в голову ему приходили грязные мысли полагать, считать;
предполагать - I * it will rain я думаю, что будет дождь - I thought I heard a knock мне показалось, что стучат (в дверь) - do you * you could do it? ты полагаешь, что сможешь это сделать? - then you * that... значит, ты считаешь /думаешь/, что... - it's better, don't you *, to get it over with? как, по-твоему, не лучше ли сразу с этим покончить? - are you coming with us? - I don't * I am вы идете с нами? - Пожалуй, нет - I * with /like/ you я согласен с вами - I rather * so мне так кажется - I don't * so я этого не думаю - I (should) hardly * so не думаю;
мне это кажется невероятным - thought proper for government publications считавшийся подходящим для правительственных изданий - to * smb. the best contemporary novelist считать кого-л. лучшим современным романистом - I thought her charming я нашел ее очаровательной - I think it possible я это допускаю, я считаю это возможным - do as you * fit поступай, как знаешь /как считаешь нужным/ - they * their teacher a fine man они считают своего учителя прекрасным человеком - to * smb. of little account не ценить кого-л., относиться с пренебрежением к кому-л. - he is conventionally thought to be a romantic thing его обычно считают романтиком иметь (какое-л.) мнение - to * much /well, highly, a great deal/ of smb., smth. быть высокого мнения о ком-л., чем-л.;
высоко ценить кого-л., что-л. - to * badly of smb., smth. быть дурного мнения о ком-л., чем-л. - to * little /nothing/ of smth. быть дурного мнения о ком-л., чем-л.;
ни во что не ставить;
считать пустяком - I * nothing of thirty miles a day делать тридцать миль в день для меня сущий пустяк - to * dirty about smb. (просторечие) плохо думать о ком-л., ни в грош не ставить кого-л. - to * of smb. as one's inferior считать кого-л. ниже себя - he is well thought of он на хорошем счету представлять себе, воображать - to * of smb. as still a boy представлять себе кого-л. все еще мальчиком - * of him not guessing it! а он так и не догадался, вы можете себе представить? - what do you *? (разговорное) и что бы вы думали? - only *!, just * of that!, to * of it! подумать только!;
представляете? - you can't *! подумайте!;
вы и представить себе не можете! - I can't * where he is не представляю себе, где он может быть;
ума не приложу, куда он исчез /пропал/ - I can't bear to * what might happen я боюсь думать о том, что может случиться /произойти/ - * what a sacrifice he has made подумайте, на какие жертвы он пошел - you can't * how surprised he was вы не можете себе представить, до чего он был удивлен воображать, рисовать в (своем) воображении - we * the ocean as a whole океан представляется нам единым целым придумывать, находить - to * a way out of trouble найти выход из трудного положения (of) придумывать, додумываться - to * of a way out of a difficulty найти выход из трудного положения - who first thought of the plan? кому первому пришел в голову этот план? иметь в виду, намереваться;
замышлять - to * of marrying /to marry/ smb. собираться /намереваться/ жениться на ком-л. - he *s to deceive me он думает /хочет/ обмануть меня - I only thought to help you я хотел только помочь вам - I must be *ing of giong мне пора собираться - I shouldn't /I should never/ * of doing such a thing (эмоционально-усилительно) я бы ни за что не сделал этого ожидать, предполагать, рассчитывать - I didn't * to see you я не ожидал /не рассчитывал/ увидеть вас - who would have thought to meet you here кто бы подумал /кто бы мог предполагать/, что я встречу вас здесь? - they * to escape punishment они рассчитывают, что им удастся избежать наказания - I little thought I would see him again никак не ожидал /вот уж не думал/, что вновь его увижу подозревать, ждать - to * no evil /no harm/ не заподозрить злого умысла, не ждать ничего плохого (for) (устаревшее) подозревать, предполагать - things are worse than you * for дела обстоят хуже, чем вы думаете /полагаете/ вспоминать - to * of old times вспоминать былое - I can't * of his name at the moment я не могу сейчас припомнить его имени - try to * how the accident happened постарайтесь припомнить, как произошел несчастный случай постоянно думать, мечтать - to * airplanes all day long бредить самолетами дни напролет - he *s nothing but sports он ни о чем кроме спорта не думает /не может думать/;
он помешался на спорте заботиться, беспокоиться - to * only of oneself думать только о себе - you must think of others вы должны подумать и о других;
не забывайте о других доводить себя раздумьями до какого-л. состояния - I thought myself silly я столько думал, что теперь уже ничего не соображаю /дошел до отупения/ - he thought himself into a fever он настолько переутомил мозг, что заболел /слег/ в грам. знач. прил.: (разговорное) умственный;
интеллектуальный, философский > to * long (диалектизм) изнывать, томиться > to * fit /good, proper/ to do smth. решиться сделать что-л. (обыкн. какую-л. глупость) > to * better of smth. передумать, переменить мнение о чем-л. > to * better of smb. быть лучшего мнения о ком-л. > to * big (сленг) далеко метить, иметь честолюбивые планы > I don't *! не думаю;
ничего подобного, что за вздор, что за ерунда;
(ироничное) нечего сказать, ничего не скажешь, ничего себе > an amiable young man, I don't * приятный молодой человек, нечего сказать > he *s he is it он о себе высокого мнения, он нос задирает to ~ better of быть лучшего мнения (о ком-л.) ;
he thinks he is it разг. он о себе высокого мнения ~ понимать, представлять себе;
I can't think how you did it не могу себе представить, как вы это сделали ~ вспоминать;
I think how we were once friends я вспоминаю о том, как мы когда-то дружили;
I can't think of his name не могу припомнить его имени ~ придумывать, находить (of) ;
I cannot think of the right word не могу придумать подходящего слова I cannot ~ what he means не могу понять, что он хочет сказать think: I don't think (прибавляется к ирон. утверждению) нечего сказать;
ни дать ни взять ~ вспоминать;
I think how we were once friends я вспоминаю о том, как мы когда-то дружили;
I can't think of his name не могу припомнить его имени I ~ little (или nothing) of 30 miles a day делать 30 миль в день для меня сущий пустяк ~ считать, полагать;
to think fit (или good) счесть возможным, уместным;
I think no harm in it я не вижу в этом вреда think: I don't think (прибавляется к ирон. утверждению) нечего сказать;
ни дать ни взять ~ вспоминать;
I think how we were once friends я вспоминаю о том, как мы когда-то дружили;
I can't think of his name не могу припомнить его имени ~ (thought) думать, обдумывать (about, of - о ком-л., чем-л.) ;
мыслить ~ думать ~ ожидать, предполагать;
I thought as much я так и предполагал ~ понимать, представлять себе;
I can't think how you did it не могу себе представить, как вы это сделали ~ постоянно думать, мечтать;
think out продумать до конца;
think over обсудить, обдумать ~ придумывать, находить (of) ;
I cannot think of the right word не могу придумать подходящего слова ~ размышлять ~ считать, полагать;
to think fit (или good) счесть возможным, уместным;
I think no harm in it я не вижу в этом вреда to ~ better of быть лучшего мнения (о ком-л.) ;
he thinks he is it разг. он о себе высокого мнения to ~ better of передумать;
отказаться от намерения( сделать что-л.) ~ считать, полагать;
to think fit (или good) счесть возможным, уместным;
I think no harm in it я не вижу в этом вреда ~ up амер. выдумать, сочинить, придумать;
to think much of быть высокого мнения;
высоко ценить to ~ well (highly, badly) (of smb.) быть хорошего (высокого, дурного) мнения (о ком-л.) ;
to think no end( of smb.) очень высоко ценить (кого-л.) ~ постоянно думать, мечтать;
think out продумать до конца;
think over обсудить, обдумать ~ up амер. выдумать, сочинить, придумать;
to think much of быть высокого мнения;
высоко ценить to ~ well (highly, badly) (of smb.) быть хорошего (высокого, дурного) мнения (о ком-л.) ;
to think no end (of smb.) очень высоко ценить (кого-л.)

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > think
16 stand

1. intransitive verb,
stood

1) stehen

stand in a line or row — sich in einer Reihe aufstellen; (be standing) in einer Reihe stehen

we stood talking — wir standen da und unterhielten uns

2) (have height)

he stands six feet tall/the tree stands 30 feet high — er ist sechs Fuß groß/der Baum ist 30 Fuß hoch

3) (be at level) [Aktien, Währung, Thermometer:] stehen (at auf + Dat.); [Fonds:] sich belaufen (at auf + Akk.); [Absatz, Export usw.:] liegen (at bei)

4) (hold good) bestehen bleiben

my offer/promise still stands — mein Angebot/Versprechen gilt nach wie vor

5) (find oneself, be)

stand convicted of treachery — wegen Verrats verurteilt sein

as it stands, as things stand — wie die Dinge [jetzt] liegen

the law as it stands — das bestehende od. gültige Recht

I'd like to know where I stand — (fig.) ich möchte wissen, wo ich dran bin

stand in need of something — einer Sache (Gen.) dringend bedürfen

6) (be candidate) kandidieren ( for für)

stand in an election — bei einer Wahl kandidieren

stand as a Liberal/Conservative — für die Liberalen/Konservativen kandidieren

stand for Parliament — (Brit.) für einen Parlamentssitz kandidieren

7)

stand proxy for somebody — jemanden vertreten

8) (place oneself) sich stellen

stand in the way of something — (fig.) einer Sache (Dat.) im Weg stehen

[not] stand in somebody's way — (fig.) jemandem [keine] Steine in den Weg legen

9) (be likely)

stand to win or gain/lose something — etwas gewinnen/verlieren können
2. transitive verb,
stood

1) (set in position) stellen

stand something on end/upside down — etwas hochkant/auf den Kopf stellen

2) (endure) ertragen; vertragen [Klima]

I can't stand the heat/noise — ich halte die Hitze/den Lärm nicht aus

I cannot stand [the sight of] him/her — ich kann ihn/sie nicht ausstehen

he can't stand the pressure/strain/stress — er ist dem Druck/den Strapazen/dem Stress nicht gewachsen

I can't stand it any longer! — ich halte es nicht mehr aus!; see also academic.ru/75052/time">time 1. 1)

3) (undergo) ausgesetzt sein (+ Dat.)

stand trial [for something] — [wegen etwas] vor Gericht stehen

4) (buy)

stand somebody something — jemandem etwas ausgeben od. spendieren (ugs.)
3. noun
1) (support) Ständer, der

2) (stall; at exhibition) Stand, der

3) (raised structure, grandstand) Tribüne, die

4) (resistance) Widerstand, der

take or make a stand — (fig.) klar Stellung beziehen (for/against/on für/gegen/zu)

5) (standing place for taxi, bus, etc.) Stand, der

Phrasal Verbs:

- stand about

- stand aside

- stand back

- stand between

- stand by

- stand down

- stand for

- stand in

- stand out

- stand over

- stand together

- stand up

- stand up for

- stand up to

* * *
[stænd] 1. past tense, past participle - stood; verb
1) (to be in an upright position, not sitting or lying: His leg was so painful that he could hardly stand; After the storm, few trees were left standing.) stehen

2) ((often with up) to rise to the feet: He pushed back his chair and stood up; Some people like to stand (up) when the National Anthem is played.) (auf)stehen

3) (to remain motionless: The train stood for an hour outside Newcastle.) stehen

4) (to remain unchanged: This law still stands.) gelten

5) (to be in or have a particular place: There is now a factory where our house once stood.) stehen

6) (to be in a particular state, condition or situation: As matters stand, we can do nothing to help; How do you stand financially?) liegen

7) (to accept or offer oneself for a particular position etc: He is standing as Parliamentary candidate for our district.) bewerben

8) (to put in a particular position, especially upright: He picked up the fallen chair and stood it beside the table.) stellen

9) (to undergo or endure: He will stand (his) trial for murder; I can't stand her rudeness any longer.) ertragen

10) (to pay for (a meal etc) for (a person): Let me stand you a drink!) spendieren
2. noun
1) (a position or place in which to stand ready to fight etc, or an act of fighting etc: The guard took up his stand at the gate; I shall make a stand for what I believe is right.) der Platz

2) (an object, especially a piece of furniture, for holding or supporting something: a coat-stand; The sculpture had been removed from its stand for cleaning.) der Ständer

3) (a stall where goods are displayed for sale or advertisement.) der Stand

4) (a large structure beside a football pitch, race course etc with rows of seats for spectators: The stand was crowded.) die Tribüne

5) ((American) a witness box in a law court.) der Zeugenstand

•

- take the stand
- standing 3. noun
1) (time of lasting: an agreement of long standing.) die Dauer

2) (rank or reputation: a diplomat of high standing.) der Stand

•

- stand-by
4. adjective
((of an airline passenger or ticket) costing or paying less than the usual fare, as the passenger does not book a seat for a particular flight, but waits for the first available seat.) stand-by
5. adverb
(travelling in this way: It costs a lot less to travel stand-by.) stand-by

- stand-in
- standing-room
- make someone's hair stand on end
- stand aside
- stand back
- stand by
- stand down
- stand fast/firm
- stand for
- stand in
- stand on one's own two feet
- stand on one's own feet
- stand out
- stand over
- stand up for
- stand up to
* * *

stand

[stænd]

I. NOUN

1. (physical position) Stellung f

to take up a \stand somewhere sich akk irgendwo hinstellen

2. (position on an issue) Einstellung f (on zu + dat), Ansicht f (on zu + dat)

what's her \stand on sexual equality? wie steht sie zur Gleichberechtigung?

to make a \stand against sth sich akk gegen etw akk auflehnen

to take a \stand on sth sich akk für etw akk einsetzen

it's her civic duty to take a \stand on civil rights es ist ihre Bürgerpflicht, die Bürgerrechte zu verteidigen

to take a \stand with sb jdm gegenübertreten

I had to take a firm \stand with my son and forbid him to attend that party ich musste meinem Sohn gegenüber hart bleiben und ihm verbieten, diese Party zu besuchen

3. ( form: standstill) Stillstand m

to bring sb/sth to a \stand jdm/etw Einhalt gebieten geh

4. usu pl (raised seating for spectators) [Zuschauer]tribüne f

5. (support) Ständer m

music/revolving \stand Noten-/Drehständer m

6. CHEM Stativ nt

7. (stall) [Verkaufs]stand m

candy/news \stand Süßwaren-/Zeitungsstand m

8. (for vehicles) Stand m

taxi \stand Taxistand m

9. AM (series of performances) Gastspiel nt

one-night \stand One-Night-Stand m fam

10. AM LAW

▪ the \stand der Zeugenstand

to take the \stand vor Gericht aussagen

11. MIL (resistance) Widerstand m

to make [or take] a \stand ( fig) klar Stellung beziehen

12. (group of plants)

\stand of clover Büschel nt Klee

\stand of trees Baumgruppe f

II. INTRANSITIVE VERB

<stood, stood>

1. (be upright) stehen

\stand against the wall stell dich an die Wand

\stand in front of the house stell dich vor das Haus

\stand in a straight line! stellen Sie sich in einer Reihe auf!

the team will \stand or fall by the success of their new model das Team steht und fällt mit dem Erfolg seines neuen Modells

\stand and deliver! ( dated) Hände hoch und Geld her!

to \stand to [or at] attention MIL stillstehen

to \stand guard [or watch] [over sb/sth] [bei jdm/etw] Wache halten

he felt it necessary to \stand watch over the cash box er hielt es für nötig, die Kasse im Auge zu behalten

to \stand on one's hands/head einen Hand-/Kopfstand machen

to \stand clear [or aside] aus dem Weg gehen, beiseitetreten

to \stand erect [or tall] aufrecht [o gerade] stehen

to \stand motionless regungslos dastehen

to \stand still stillstehen

2. + n (be a stated height) messen geh

he \stands over seven feet er misst über sieben Fuß

3. FOOD (remain untouched) stehen

4. (be located) liegen

an old hut stood by the river am Fluss stand eine alte Hütte

the train is \standing at platform 8 der Zug steht auf Gleis 8

to \stand in sb's way jdm im Weg stehen

to \stand in the way of sth etw dat im Weg[e] stehen [o hinderlich sein]

to \stand open offen stehen

5. (have a viewpoint)

how [or where] do you \stand on the issue of foreign policy? was ist Ihre Meinung zur Außenpolitik?

from where she \stands it seemed reasonable to ask von ihrer Warte aus schien es vernünftig zu fragen

6. + adj (be in a specified state) stehen

I never know where I \stand with my boss ich weiß nie, wie ich mit meinem Chef dran bin fam

how do you think your chances \stand of being offered the job? wie, glaubst du, stehen deine Chancen, dass man dir die Stelle anbietet?

with the situation as it \stands right now... so wie die Sache im Moment aussieht,...

to \stand high/low in sb's opinion bei jdm sehr [o hoch] /wenig [o schlecht] angesehen sein

to \stand alone beispiellos [o einzigartig] sein

to \stand aloof from sb/sth ( form) sich akk von jdm/etw distanzieren

to \stand empty [or idle] leer stehen

to \stand fast [or firm] standhaft sein

\stand firm on your decision steh fest zu deinem Entschluss

to \stand pat esp AM hart [o standfest] bleiben

to \stand second/third an zweiter/dritter Stelle stehen

to \stand accused of sth wegen einer S. gen unter Anklage stehen

to \stand accused of murder des Mordes angeklagt sein

to \stand corrected ( form) sich akk geschlagen geben fam

I \stand corrected ich muss mich korrigieren [o gebe meinen Fehler zu]

to \stand to gain [or win] /lose sth wahrscheinlich etw gewinnen/verlieren

7. (separate from)

▪ to \stand between sb/sth zwischen jdm/etw stehen

the handouts he got from his parents were all that stood between Dan and destitution es waren allein die Zuwendungen, die Dan von seinen Eltern erhielt, was ihn vor völliger Mittellosigkeit bewahrte

8. (remain valid) gelten, Bestand haben

does that still \stand? ist das noch gültig?, gilt das noch?

his work still \stands as one of the greatest advances in medical theory seine Arbeit gilt immer noch als eine der größten Leistungen in der Medizin

Newtonian mechanics stood for over two hundred years die Newton'sche Mechanik galt zweihundert Jahre lang unangefochten

9. BRIT, AUS (be a candidate for office) sich akk zur Wahl stellen, kandidieren

▪ to \stand for sth für etw akk kandidieren

to \stand for election sich akk zur Wahl stellen

10.

▶ to \stand on one's own two feet auf eigenen Füßen stehen

▶ to be able to do sth \standing on one's head ( fam) etw mit links machen können fam

▶ to not leave one stone \standing on another keinen Stein auf dem anderen lassen

▶ it \stands to reason [that]... es ist logisch [o leuchtet ein], dass...

III. TRANSITIVE VERB

<stood, stood>

1. (place upright)

▪ to \stand sth somewhere etw irgendwohin hinstellen

she stood the yardstick upright against the wall sie stellte den Messstab gegen die Wand

to \stand sth on its head etw auf den Kopf stellen

2. (refuse to be moved)

to \stand one's ground wie angewurzelt stehen bleiben; (refuse to yield) standhaft bleiben

3. (bear)

▪ to \stand sth etw ertragen [o fam aushalten]

▪ to not [be able to] \stand sth etw nicht ertragen können

our tent won't \stand another storm unser Zelt wird keinen weiteren Sturm überstehen

she can't \stand anyone touching her sie kann es nicht leiden, wenn man sie anfasst

to not be able to \stand the sight of sth den Anblick von etw dat nicht ertragen können

to \stand the test of time die Zeit überdauern

4. (pay for)

▪ to \stand sb sth jdm etw ausgeben [o spendieren]

Catherine stood us all a drink Catherine lud uns alle zu einem Drink ein

to \stand bail for sb für jdn Kaution stellen [o Sicherheit leisten

5. ( fam)

to \stand a chance of doing sth gute Aussichten haben, etw zu tun

6. LAW

to \stand trial [for sth] sich akk vor Gericht [für etw akk] verantworten müssen

7.

▶ to \stand sb in good stead jdm von Nutzen [o Vorteil] sein

* * *
[stnd] vb: pret, ptp stood
1. n

1) (= position) Platz m, Standort m; (fig) Standpunkt m, Einstellung f (on zu)

my stand is that... — ich stehe auf dem Standpunkt, dass..., ich vertrete die Einstellung, dass...

to take a stand (on a matter) — (zu einer Angelegenheit) eine Einstellung vertreten

to take a firm stand — einen festen Standpunkt vertreten (on zu)

2) (MIL: resistance) Widerstand m; (= battle) Gefecht nt

to make a stand (lit, fig) — sich widersetzen, Widerstand leisten

that was their last stand — das war ihr letztes Gefecht

3) (= taxi stand) Stand m

4) (Brit THEAT) Gastspiel nt; (of pop group etc) Konzert nt

5) (= furniture, lamp stand, music stand) Ständer m

6) (= market stall etc) Stand m

7) (= band stand) Podium nt

8) (Brit SPORT) Tribüne f; (US JUR) Zeugenstand m

(we sat) in the stand — (wir saßen) auf der Tribüne

to take the stand (Jur) — in den Zeugenstand treten

9) (esp US FOREST) (Baum)bestand m

2. vt

1) (= place) stellen → stead, head

See:

→ stead, head

2) (= withstand) pressure, close examination etc (= object) standhalten (+dat); (person) gewachsen sein (+dat); test bestehen; climate vertragen; heat, noise ertragen, aushalten; loss, cost verkraften

the wall could stand another coat of paint (inf) — die Wand könnte noch einen Anstrich vertragen

3) (inf: put up with) person, noise, interruptions etc aushalten

I can't stand being kept waiting —

I can't stand it any longer — ich halte das nicht mehr (länger) aus

4) (Brit inf

= treat) to stand sb a drink/a meal — jdm einen Drink/ein Essen spendieren

5)

to stand trial — vor Gericht stehen (for wegen)

3. vi

1) (= be upright) stehen; (= get up) aufstehen

all stand! — alles aufstehen!

don't just stand there(, do something)! — stehen Sie nicht nur( dumm) rum, tun Sie was! (inf)

to stand still — still stehen

we stood talking —

stand and deliver! (old, hum) — anhalten, her mit dem Zeug! (inf)

See:

→ attention, ease

2) (= measure person) groß sein; (tree etc) hoch sein

3) (= be situated) stehen

it has stood there for 600 years — es steht da schon seit 600 Jahren

4) (= remain unchanged) stehen; (fig) bestehen (bleiben)

5)

to stand as a candidate — kandidieren

See:

→ also stand for

6) (= continue to be valid offer, argument, promise) gelten; (objection, contract) gültig bleiben; (decision, record, account) stehen

the theory stands or falls by or on this — damit steht und fällt die Theorie

7) (= be at a certain level thermometer, record) stehen (at auf +dat); (sales) liegen (at bei)

8) (fig

= be in a position) we stand to lose/gain a lot — wir können sehr viel verlieren/gewinnen

he stands to make a lot of money — er wird wohl eine Menge Geld (dabei) verdienen

what do we stand to gain by it? — was springt für uns dabei heraus? (inf), was bringt uns (dat) das ein?

9) (fig

= be placed) how do we stand? — wie stehen wir?

I'd like to know where I stand (with him) — ich möchte wissen, woran ich (bei ihm) bin

where do you stand with him? — wie stehen Sie sich mit ihm?

where do you stand on this issue? — welchen Standpunkt vertreten Sie in dieser Frage?

as things stand — nach Lage der Dinge

as it stands — so wie die Sache aussieht

to stand accused of sth — einer Sache (gen) angeklagt sein

10) (fig

= be, continue to be) to stand firm or fast — festbleiben

to stand ready —

to stand in need of help — Hilfe brauchen

to stand together — zusammenhalten

to stand (as) security for sb — für jdn bürgen

nothing now stands between us — es steht nichts mehr zwischen uns

11)

to leave sb/sth standing ( Brit inf ) — jdn/etw in den Schatten stellen

* * *

stand [stænd]

A s

1. a) Stehen n

b) Stillstand m, Halt m

2. a) (Stand)Platz m, Standort m

b) fig Standpunkt m:

take a stand Stellung beziehen (on zu);

take a common stand einen gemeinsamen Standpunkt einnehmen

3. fig Eintreten n:

make a stand against sich entgegenstellen oder -stemmen (dat), Front machen gegen;

make a stand for sich einsetzen für

4. a) (Zuschauer)Tribüne f

b) Podium n

5. JUR US Zeugenstand m:

on the stand im Zeugenstand;

take the stand

a) den Zeugenstand betreten,

b) als Zeuge aussagen

6. WIRTSCH (Verkaufs-, Messe) Stand m

7. Stand(platz) m (für Taxis)

8. (Kleider-, Noten- etc) Ständer m

9. Gestell n, Regal n

10. a) Stativ n

b) Stütze f

11. (Baum)Bestand m

12. AGR Stand m (des Getreides etc), (zu erwartende) Ernte:

stand of wheat stehender Weizen

13. THEAT Gastspiel(ort) n(m): → one-night stand

14. auch stand of arms MIL (vollständige) Ausrüstung (eines Soldaten)

B v/i prät und pperf stood [stʊd]

1. a) allg stehen:

as there were no seats left, we had to stand;

…, (as) sure ( oder true) as I’m standing here …, so wahr ich hier stehe!;

don’t just stand there, help me! steh nicht herum, hilf mir!;

stand alone allein (da)stehen ( with mit einer Ansicht etc); unerreicht dastehen oder da sein;

stand fast ( oder firm) festbleiben, hart bleiben ( beide:

on in dat)( → B 4);

stand or fall by stehen und fallen mit;

stand gasping keuchend dastehen;

stand on one’s head

a) einen Kopfstand machen, kopfstehen,

b) fig (vor Freude etc) kopfstehen;

I could do this standing on my head umg das könnte ich mit links oder stehend freihändig machen;

stand on one’s hands einen Handstand machen;

stand to lose (to win) (mit Sicherheit) verlieren (gewinnen);

how are things standing? wie stehen die Dinge?;

how do we stand in comparision to …? wie stehen wir im Vergleich zu …?;

as matters ( oder things) stand nach Lage der Dinge, so wie die Dinge stehen;

I want to know where ( oder how) I stand ich will wissen, woran ich bin;

you always know where ( oder how) you stand with him man weiß immer, wie man mit ihm dran ist;

the wind stands in the west der Wind weht von Westen;

stand well with sb mit jemandem gut stehen, sich mit jemandem gut stellen;

leave sb (sth) standing Br umg jemanden (etwas) in den Schatten stellen; → attention 4, foot A 1, leg Bes Redew

c) aufstehen

2. stehen, liegen, sich befinden, sein (Sache): → empty A 2, idle A 5

3. sein:

stand ready; → accuse a, convict A 1 a, correct A 2, need A 1

4. a) auch stand still stillstehen:

stand! halt!;

stand fast! MIL Br stillgestanden!, US Abteilung halt! ( → B 1);

stand still for US → C 7

b) stand and deliver! HIST (Kutschenüberfall) halt, alles Geld her!

5. bleiben:

stand neutral, etc;

and so it stands und dabei bleibt es

6. sich stellen, treten:

stand clear zurücktreten (of von);

stand clear of auch den Eingang etc frei machen;

stand on the defensive sich verteidigen;

stand on the offensive zum Angriff antreten; → stand back 1

7. stand six feet sechs Fuß groß sein (Person), sechs Fuß hoch sein (Mauer etc)

8. sich behaupten, bestehen ( beide:

against gegen):

stand through sth etwas überstehen oder -dauern

9. fig festbleiben

10. (weiterhin) gelten:

my offer stands mein Angebot gilt nach wie vor oder bleibt bestehen;

let sth stand etwas gelten oder bestehen bleiben lassen

11. SCHIFF (auf einem Kurs) liegen oder sein, steuern, halten

12. JAGD vorstehen ([ up]on dat) (Hund)

C v/t

1. stellen (on auf akk):

stand a plane on its nose FLUG einen Kopfstand machen;

stand sth on its head fig etwas auf den Kopf stellen

2. standhalten (dat), aushalten:

he can’t stand the climate er kann das Klima nicht (v)ertragen;

I couldn’t stand the pain ich konnte den Schmerz nicht aushalten oder ertragen;

she couldn’t stand the pressure sie war dem Druck nicht gewachsen;

I can’t stand him ich kann ihn nicht ausstehen oder leiden;

I can’t stand being told ( oder people telling me) what to do ich kann es nicht ausstehen oder leiden, wenn man mir Vorschriften macht; → heat A 1 a, racket² A 4, sight A 2

3. sich etwas gefallen lassen, dulden, ertragen:

I won’t stand that any longer das lasse ich mir nicht länger bieten

4. sich einer Sache unterziehen: → trial A 2

5. bestehen: → test¹ A 2

6. a) Pate stehen

b) Bürgschaft etc leisten: → security 5, sponsor A 2, surety 1

c) Wache stehen: → guard C 3

7. umg

a) aufkommen für

b) (jemandem) ein Essen etc spendieren:

stand a drink einen ausgeben oder spendieren;

stand a round eine Runde schmeißen; → treat C 3

8. eine Chance haben

* * *
1. intransitive verb,
stood

1) stehen

stand in a line or row — sich in einer Reihe aufstellen; (be standing) in einer Reihe stehen

we stood talking — wir standen da und unterhielten uns

2) (have height)

he stands six feet tall/the tree stands 30 feet high — er ist sechs Fuß groß/der Baum ist 30 Fuß hoch

3) (be at level) [Aktien, Währung, Thermometer:] stehen (at auf + Dat.); [Fonds:] sich belaufen (at auf + Akk.); [Absatz, Export usw.:] liegen (at bei)

4) (hold good) bestehen bleiben

my offer/promise still stands — mein Angebot/Versprechen gilt nach wie vor

5) (find oneself, be)

stand convicted of treachery — wegen Verrats verurteilt sein

as it stands, as things stand — wie die Dinge [jetzt] liegen

the law as it stands — das bestehende od. gültige Recht

I'd like to know where I stand — (fig.) ich möchte wissen, wo ich dran bin

stand in need of something — einer Sache (Gen.) dringend bedürfen

6) (be candidate) kandidieren ( for für)

stand in an election — bei einer Wahl kandidieren

stand as a Liberal/Conservative — für die Liberalen/Konservativen kandidieren

stand for Parliament — (Brit.) für einen Parlamentssitz kandidieren

7)

stand proxy for somebody — jemanden vertreten

8) (place oneself) sich stellen

stand in the way of something — (fig.) einer Sache (Dat.) im Weg stehen

[not] stand in somebody's way — (fig.) jemandem [keine] Steine in den Weg legen

9) (be likely)

stand to win or gain/lose something — etwas gewinnen/verlieren können
2. transitive verb,
stood

1) (set in position) stellen

stand something on end/upside down — etwas hochkant/auf den Kopf stellen

2) (endure) ertragen; vertragen [Klima]

I can't stand the heat/noise — ich halte die Hitze/den Lärm nicht aus

I cannot stand [the sight of] him/her — ich kann ihn/sie nicht ausstehen

he can't stand the pressure/strain/stress — er ist dem Druck/den Strapazen/dem Stress nicht gewachsen

I can't stand it any longer! — ich halte es nicht mehr aus!; see also time 1. 1)

3) (undergo) ausgesetzt sein (+ Dat.)

stand trial [for something] — [wegen etwas] vor Gericht stehen

4) (buy)

stand somebody something — jemandem etwas ausgeben od. spendieren (ugs.)
3. noun
1) (support) Ständer, der

2) (stall; at exhibition) Stand, der

3) (raised structure, grandstand) Tribüne, die

4) (resistance) Widerstand, der

take or make a stand — (fig.) klar Stellung beziehen (for/against/on für/gegen/zu)

5) (standing place for taxi, bus, etc.) Stand, der

Phrasal Verbs:

- stand about

- stand aside

- stand back

- stand between

- stand by

- stand down

- stand for

- stand in

- stand out

- stand over

- stand together

- stand up

- stand up for

- stand up to

* * *

(microphone) n.

Stativ -e n. n.

Gestell -e n.

Stand ¨-e m.

Ständer - m. (one's) trial expr.

sich vor Gericht verantworten ausdr. (up) for expr.

eintreten für ausdr. (to tolerate) v.

ertragen prät. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: stood)

= andauern v.

stehen v.

(§ p.,pp.: stand, gestanden)

English-german dictionary > stand
17 that

1. ðæt plural - those; adjective
(used to indicate a person, thing etc spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: Don't take this book - take that one; At that time, I was living in Italy; When are you going to return those books?) ese, esa, esos, esas; aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas

2. pronoun
(used to indicate a thing etc, or (in plural or with the verb be) person or people, spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: What is that you've got in your hand?; Who is that?; That is the Prime Minister; Those present at the concert included the composer and his wife.) ese, esa, esos, esas; aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas

3. ðət, ðæt relative pronoun
(used to refer to a person, thing etc mentioned in a preceding clause in order to distinguish it from others: Where is the parcel that arrived this morning?; Who is the man (that) you were talking to?)

4. ðət, ðæt conjunction
1) ((often omitted) used to report what has been said etc or to introduce other clauses giving facts, reasons, results etc: I know (that) you didn't do it; I was surprised (that) he had gone.) que

2) (used to introduce expressions of sorrow, wishes etc: That I should be accused of murder!; Oh, that I were with her now!) y pensar que; ojalá

5.
adverb
(so; to such an extent: I didn't realize she was that ill.) tan

- like that
- that's that

that¹ adj ese / aquel

who lives in that house? ¿quién vive en esa casa?

did you bring that book? ¿has traído aquel libro?

El plural de that es those

what are those boys doing? ¿qué están haciendo aquellos chicos?

that² adv tan

I can't run that fast no puedo correr tan rápido

that³ conj que

I hope that you are well espero que estés bien

she's the girl that won the race es la chica que ganó la carrera

that⁴ pron

1. ése / aquél

that's yours ése es el tuyo

2. eso

I don't want that no quiero eso

that's right eso es

El plural de that es those

those are mine aquéllos son míos

that

tr[ðæt ʊnstressed ðət]

adjective (pl those)

1 ese, esa (remote) aquel, aquella

■ look at that woman mira a aquella mujer

■ how much is that dress? ¿cuánto vale ese vestido?

■ what was that noise? ¿qué ha sido ese ruido?

■ just at that moment justo en aquel instante

■ have you got that record I lent you? ¿tienes aquel disco que te dejé?

pronoun (pl those)

1 ése nombre masculino, ésa (remote) aquél nombre masculino, aquélla

■ who's that? ¿quién es ése/ésa?

■ this is mine, that is yours éste es mío, aquél es tuyo

■ this one's much nicer than that éste es mucho más bonito que aquél

2 (indefinite) eso; (remote) aquello

■ what's that? ¿qué es eso?

■ don't do that no hagas eso

■ where did you get that? ¿dónde has comprado eso?

■ that's why I didn't go por eso no fui

3 (relative) que

■ the man that lives upstairs is a writer el hombre que vive arriba es escritor

■ I really like the book (that) you gave me me encanta el libro que me regalaste

■ this is the most difficult job (that) I've ever done este es el trabajo más difícil que he hecho

4 (with preposition) que, el/la que, el/la cual

■ this is the book (that) I was telling you about éste es el libro de que te hablaba

■ the day (that) we met el día (en el) que nos conocimos

conjunction

1 que

■ I know (that) it's true sé que es verdad

■ he said (that) he was a policeman dijo que era policía

■ the problem is that I don't speak French el problema es que no hablo francés

■ she was so happy (that) she danced in the street estaba tan contenta que bailó en la calle

■ give me the money so (that) I can buy a present dame el dinero para que pueda comprar un regalo

2 ¡ojalá!

■ oh that I were rich ojalá fuera rico

adverb

1 familiar tan, tanto,-a, tantos,-as

■ it's not that expensive no es tan caro

■ it isn't that cold no hace tanto frío

■ it wasn't that bad no fue tan malo

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

and all that y todo eso

like that así, de aquella manera

that is to say es decir

that's it (that's all) eso es todo 2 (that's right) eso es 3 (that's enough) se acabó

that's life así es la vida

that's more like it ¡ahora!, ¡así me gusta!

that's right así es

that's that ya está, se acabó

who's that? (on 'phone) ¿quién es?, ¿quién eres?

that ['ðæt] adv, (in negative constructions) : tan

it's not that expensive: no es tan caro

not that much: no tanto

that adj, pl those : ese, esa, aquel, aquella

do you see those children?: ¿ves a aquellos niños?

that conj & pron

: que

he said that he was afraid: dijo que tenía miedo

the book that he wrote: el libro que escribió

that pron, pl those ['ðo:z]

1) : ése, ésa, eso

that's my father: ése es mi padre

those are the ones he likes: ésos son los que le gustan

what's that?: ¿qué es eso?

2) (referring to more distant objects or time) : aquél, aquélla, aquello

those are maples and these are elms: aquéllos son arces y éstos son olmos

that came to an end: aquello se acabó

that

adj.

• esa adj.

• ese adj.

adj.dem.

• aquel adj.dem.

adv.

• como adv.

• tan adv.

conj.

• ese conj.

• para que conj.

• que conj.

pron.

• aquello pron.

• aquél pron.

• el cual pron.

• ese pron.

• eso pron.

• que pron.

• quien pron.

• tanto pron.

pron.dem.neut.

• aquello pron.dem.neut.

I ðæt
pronoun

1) (pl those) ( demonstrative) ése, ésa; (neuter) eso

those — ésos, ésas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquél, aquélla; (neuter) aquello

those — aquéllos, aquéllas [According to the Real Academia Española the accent can be omitted when there is no ambiguity]

what's that? — ¿qué es eso?

who's that over there? — quién es ése/ésa?

those are $20 and those over there $21.50 — ésos cuestan 20 dólares y aquéllos de allá 21,50

that's why she never went back — por eso nunca volvió

who's that, please? — ( on telephone) ¿con quién hablo, por favor?

that's impossible/wonderful! — es imposible/maravilloso!

those who have been less fortunate — los que no han tenido tanta suerte

is that so? — no me digas!, ¿ah, sí?

don't talk like that! — no hables así!, no digas eso!

eat it up now, that's a good girl! — vamos, cómetelo todo así me gusta!

come on, it's not as bad as all that — vamos, que no es para tanto

2) (in phrases)

at that — ( moreover) además; ( thereupon)

at that they all burst out laughing — al oír (or ver etc) eso, todos se echaron a reír

for all that — por eso

he has enormous power and wealth, but is still unhappy for all that — tiene mucho poder y muchas riquezas, pero aún así es infeliz

that is: we're all going, all the adults, that is vamos todos, es decir, todos los adultos; you're welcome to come along, that is, if you'd like to encantados de que vengas, siempre que quieras venir, claro; that's it!: that's it for today eso es todo por hoy; is that it? - no, there's another bag to come ¿ya está? - no, todavía falta otra bolsa; now lift your left arm: that's it! ahora levanta el brazo izquierdo eso es! or ahí está!; that's it: I've had enough! se acabó! ya no aguanto más!; that's that: you're not going and that's that! — no vas y no hay más que hablar or y se acabó

3) ðət, strong form ðæt ( relative) que

a voice that reminded him of somebody — una voz que le recordaba a alguien

it wasn't Helen (that) you saw — no fue a Helen a quien viste, no fue a Helen que viste (AmL)

the reason (that) she resigned — el motivo por el que dimitió

the way (that) he spoke — la forma en que habló

II ðæt
adjective (pl those) ese, esa

those — esos, esas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquel, aquella

those — aquellos, aquellas

do you know that boy/girl? — ¿conoces a ese chico/esa chica?

those two records — esos dos discos

I prefer that one — prefiero ése/ésa

I like those yellow ones — me gustan ésos amarillos

in those days — en aquellos tiempos

it's been one of those days — ha sido uno de esos días en que todo sale mal

III ðət, strong form ðæt
conjunction que

she said (that)... — dijo que...

the news that our team had won — la noticia de que nuestro equipo había ganado

I'm glad (that) you're here — me alegro de que estés aquí

she talks so fast that I can't understand — habla tan rápido que no le entiendo

it's not that I mind what he does but... — no es que me importe lo que hace, pero...

they died that others might live — (liter) murieron para que otros pudieran vivir

IV ðæt
adverb tan

ten thirty? that late already? — ¿las diez y media? ¿ya es tan tarde?

I'm not that interested, really — la verdad es que no me interesa tanto

she can't be all that stupid — no es posible que sea tan tonta

(strong form) [ðæt] (weak form) [ˌdǝt] (pl those) Those is treated as a separate entry.
1. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE

1) [+ objects/people]
You can generally use ese etc when pointing to something near the person you are speaking to. Use aquel etc for something which is distant from both of you: (nearer) ese m, esa f ; (more remote) aquel m, aquella f
that book — ese libro

that hill over there — aquella colina de allí

that car is much better value than that sports model at the end — ese coche está mejor de precio que aquel modelo deportivo que hay al final

that lad of yours — ese chico tuyo

that wretched dog! — ¡ese maldito perro!

what about that cheque? — ¿y el cheque ese?

• I only met her that once — la vi solamente aquella vez

• that one — ese(-a), ése(-a); (more remote) aquel(la), aquél(la)
In the past the standard spelling for [ese/esa] and [aquel/aquella] used as pronouns (as when they are used to translate [that one]) was with an accent ([ése/ésa] and [aquél/aquélla]). Nowadays the [Real Academia Española] advises that the accented forms are only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjectives [este/esta] and [aquel/aquella].
there's little to choose between this model and that one — no hay mucho que elegir entre este modelo y aquel

2) [+ event, year, month]

Aquel is used to refer to a time in the distant past. Use if you mention a concrete date, month, year {etc">ese:
do you remember that holiday we had in Holland? — ¿te acuerdas de aquellas vacaciones que pasamos en Holanda?

1992? I can't remember where we holidayed that year — ¿1992? no recuerdo dónde pasamos las vacaciones ese año

May? we can't come that month because we'll be moving house — ¿en mayo? no podemos venir ese mes porque nos estaremos mudando de casa

2.

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
The pronoun that ( one) is translated by ese and aquel (masc), esa and aquella (fem) and eso and aquello (neuter). You can generally use ese etc when pointing to something near the person you are speaking to. Use aquel etc for something which is distant from both of you. Note that in the past the standard spelling for the masculine and feminine pronouns was with an accent (ése/ésa and aquél/aquélla). Nowadays the Real Academia Española advises that the accented forms are only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjectives ese/esa and aquel/aquella. Neuter pronouns never carry an accent. (nearer) ese m, esa f, ése m, ésa f, eso (neuter) ; (more remote) aquel(la) m / f, aquél(la) m / f, aquello (neuter)
who's that? — ¿quién es ese?

what is that? — ¿qué es eso?, ¿eso qué es?

that's my French teacher over there — aquel es mi profesor de francés

that's my sister over by the window — aquella de la ventana es mi hermana

that's Joe — es Joe

is that you, Paul? — ¿eres tú, Paul?

£5? it must have cost more than that — ¿5 libras? debe haber costado más (que eso)

that's true — eso es verdad, es cierto (esp LAm)

that's odd! — ¡qué raro!, ¡qué cosa más rara!

1988? that was the year you graduated, wasn't it? — ¿1988? ese fue el año en que acabaste la carrera, ¿no es así?

"will he come?" - "that he will!" — † -¿vendrá? -¡ya lo creo!

• after that — después de eso

• bees and wasps and all that — abejas, avispas y cosas así

that's all I can tell you — eso es todo lo que puedo decirte

is that all? — ¿eso es todo?, ¿nada más?

she's not as stupid as (all) that — no es tan estúpida como para eso

• and it was broken at that — y además estaba roto

I realized he meant to speak to me and at that I panicked — me di cuenta de que quería hablar conmigo y entonces me entró el pánico

• what do you mean by that? — ¿qué quieres decir con eso?

• if it comes to that — en tal caso, si llegamos a eso

• it will cost 20 dollars, if that — costará 20 dólares, si es que llega

• that is — (=ie) es decir...

• that's it, we've finished — ya está, hemos terminado

they get their wages and that's it — tienen un sueldo y eso es todo

that's it! she can find her own gardener! — ¡se acabó! ¡que se busque un jardinero por su cuenta!

• that of — el/la de

a hurricane like that of 1987 — un huracán como el de 1987

a recession like that of 1973-74 — una recesión como la de 1973-1974

• that is to say — es decir...

• why worry about that which may never happen? — frm ¿por qué preocuparse por aquello que or por lo que puede que nunca vaya a pasar?

• with that — con eso

- that's that: you can't go and that's that

- so that was that

3. RELATIVE PRONOUN
Unlike that, the Spanish relative cannot be omitted.
1) que

the man that came in — el hombre que entró

the book that I read — el libro que leí

the houses that I painted — las casas que pinté

the girl that he met on holiday and later married — la chica que conoció durante las vacaciones y con la que después se casó

all that I have — todo lo que tengo

fool that I am! — ¡tonto que soy!

2) (with preposition)
If the that clause ends in a preposition, you can either translate that as que (usually preceded by the definite article) or as article + cual/cuales. Use the second option particularly in formal language or after long prepositions or prepositional phrases:
the actor that I was telling you about — el actor del que te hablaba

the car that she got into — el coche al que se subió

the film that I read about in the papers — la película sobre la que leí en el periódico

the box that I put it in — la caja donde lo puse, la caja en la que or en la cual lo puse

a planet that satellites go round — un planeta alrededor del cual giran satélites

3) (in expressions of time)

the evening that we went to the theatre — la tarde (en) que fuimos al teatro

the summer that it was so hot — el verano que hizo tanto calor

4. ADVERB

1) (=so) tan

that far — tan lejos

he can't be that clever — no puede ser tan inteligente

I didn't know he was that ill — no sabía que estuviera tan enfermo

it's about that big — (with gesture) es más o menos así de grande

• cheer up! it isn't that bad — ¡ánimo! ¡no es para tanto!

• that many frogs — tantas ranas

• that much money — tanto dinero

2) * (=so very) tan

he was that wild — estaba tan furioso

it was that cold! — ¡hacía tanto frío!

5. CONJUNCTION
Unlike that, que cannot be omitted.
1) after verb que

he said that... — dijo que...

he said that he was going to London and would be back in the evening — dijo que se iba a Londres y (que) volvería por la tarde

I believe that he exists — creo que existe

2) after noun
Translate as de que in phrases like the idea/belief/hope that:

• any hope that they might have survived was fading — toda esperanza de que hubiesen sobrevivido se estaba desvaneciendo

• the idea that we can profit from their labour — la idea de que podemos aprovecharnos de su trabajo

•..., not that I want to, of course —..., no es que yo quiera, por supuesto

• oh that we could! — ¡ojalá pudiéramos!, ¡ojalá!

3) 'that' clause as subject
If the that clause is the subject of another verb it is usual to translate that as el que rather than que especially if it starts the sentence:
that he did not know surprised me — (el) que no lo supiera me extrañó, me extrañó (el) que no lo supiera
In these cases the verb which follows will be in the subjunctive:
that he refuses is natural — (el) que rehúse es natural

that he should behave like this is incredible — (el) que se comporte así es increíble, es increíble que se comporte así
would
4) (=in order that) para que + subjun

it was done (so) that he might sleep — se hizo para que pudiera dormir

those who fought and died that we might live — los que lucharon y murieron para que nosotros pudiésemos vivir

5)

• in that — en el sentido de que

it's an attractive investment in that it is tax-free — es una inversión atractiva en el sentido de que está exenta de impuestos

* * *

I [ðæt]
pronoun

1) (pl those) ( demonstrative) ése, ésa; (neuter) eso

those — ésos, ésas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquél, aquélla; (neuter) aquello

those — aquéllos, aquéllas [According to the Real Academia Española the accent can be omitted when there is no ambiguity]

what's that? — ¿qué es eso?

who's that over there? — quién es ése/ésa?

those are $20 and those over there $21.50 — ésos cuestan 20 dólares y aquéllos de allá 21,50

that's why she never went back — por eso nunca volvió

who's that, please? — ( on telephone) ¿con quién hablo, por favor?

that's impossible/wonderful! — es imposible/maravilloso!

those who have been less fortunate — los que no han tenido tanta suerte

is that so? — no me digas!, ¿ah, sí?

don't talk like that! — no hables así!, no digas eso!

eat it up now, that's a good girl! — vamos, cómetelo todo así me gusta!

come on, it's not as bad as all that — vamos, que no es para tanto

2) (in phrases)

at that — ( moreover) además; ( thereupon)

at that they all burst out laughing — al oír (or ver etc) eso, todos se echaron a reír

for all that — por eso

he has enormous power and wealth, but is still unhappy for all that — tiene mucho poder y muchas riquezas, pero aún así es infeliz

that is: we're all going, all the adults, that is vamos todos, es decir, todos los adultos; you're welcome to come along, that is, if you'd like to encantados de que vengas, siempre que quieras venir, claro; that's it!: that's it for today eso es todo por hoy; is that it? - no, there's another bag to come ¿ya está? - no, todavía falta otra bolsa; now lift your left arm: that's it! ahora levanta el brazo izquierdo eso es! or ahí está!; that's it: I've had enough! se acabó! ya no aguanto más!; that's that: you're not going and that's that! — no vas y no hay más que hablar or y se acabó

3) [ðət], strong form [ðæt] ( relative) que

a voice that reminded him of somebody — una voz que le recordaba a alguien

it wasn't Helen (that) you saw — no fue a Helen a quien viste, no fue a Helen que viste (AmL)

the reason (that) she resigned — el motivo por el que dimitió

the way (that) he spoke — la forma en que habló

II [ðæt]
adjective (pl those) ese, esa

those — esos, esas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquel, aquella

those — aquellos, aquellas

do you know that boy/girl? — ¿conoces a ese chico/esa chica?

those two records — esos dos discos

I prefer that one — prefiero ése/ésa

I like those yellow ones — me gustan ésos amarillos

in those days — en aquellos tiempos

it's been one of those days — ha sido uno de esos días en que todo sale mal

III [ðət], strong form [ðæt]
conjunction que

she said (that)... — dijo que...

the news that our team had won — la noticia de que nuestro equipo había ganado

I'm glad (that) you're here — me alegro de que estés aquí

she talks so fast that I can't understand — habla tan rápido que no le entiendo

it's not that I mind what he does but... — no es que me importe lo que hace, pero...

they died that others might live — (liter) murieron para que otros pudieran vivir

IV [ðæt]
adverb tan

ten thirty? that late already? — ¿las diez y media? ¿ya es tan tarde?

I'm not that interested, really — la verdad es que no me interesa tanto

she can't be all that stupid — no es posible que sea tan tonta

English-spanish dictionary > that
18 think

[θɪŋk] 1. гл.; прош. вр., прич. прош. вр. thought
1)

а) думать, мыслить

Syn:

cogitate, deliberate, meditate, muse, ponder, reason, reflect, ruminate, speculate

б) размышлять, взвешивать, обдумывать

to think the matter over — обдумать вопрос, обдумать проблему

to think twice before doing smth. — подумать дважды, прежде чем сделать что-л.

to think to oneself for a moment — задуматься на минутку

to think aloud / out loud — думать, размышлять вслух

I'll think of it — я подумаю об этом

think of what I've told you — подумайте над моими словами

I'll think about it. — Я подумаю об этом.

You ought to spend more time thinking about your work. — Вы должны проводить больше времени в размышлениях над своей работой.

What are you thinking about? — О чём вы думаете?

Please think for a moment before answering. — Прежде чем ответить, подумай, пожалуйста.

Syn:

ponder, meditate

2) = think about, = think of думать, полагать, считать; иметь (какое-л.) мнение

to think fit / good — счесть возможным, уместным

to think the rule unfair — считать правило нечестным / несправедливым

to think smb. of little account — относиться с пренебрежением к кому-л.

to think badly of smb. — быть дурного мнения о ком-л.

to think well / highly / badly of smb. — быть хорошего / высокого / дурного мнения о ком-л.

to think of smb. as one's superior — считать кого-л. выше себя

I think no harm in it. — Я не вижу в этом вреда.

What do you think of this singer? — Что ты думаешь об этом певце?

I don't know what to think about new director. — Я пока не составил себе мнения о новом директоре.

He thinks of himself as a poet. — Он считает себя поэтом.

I think little / nothing of 30 miles a day — делать 30 миль в день для меня сущий пустяк

he thinks he is it — разг. он о себе высокого мнения

Syn:

consider

3)

а) понимать, представлять себе

I can't think how you did it. — Не могу себе представить, как вы это сделали.

I cannot think what he means. — Не могу понять, что он хочет сказать.

б) ( think of) думать, воображать, представлять себе

to think of smb. as still a boy — представлять себе кого-л. всё ещё мальчиком

в) ( think of) придумывать, додумываться

to think of a way out of a difficulty — найти выход из трудного положения

I cannot think of the right word. — Не могу придумать подходящего слова.

4) = think of помнить; вспоминать, восстанавливать в памяти

to think of old times — вспоминать былое

I think how we were once friends. — Я вспоминаю о том, как мы когда-то дружили.

I can't think of his name. — Не могу припомнить его имени.

He never thinks to ask how we do. — Он никогда не помнит о том, что нужно поинтересоваться, как дела.

Syn:

remember

5) ожидать, предполагать, подозревать

We didn't think we'd have any trouble. — Мы и не предполагали, что у нас возникнут какие-либо проблемы.

Everything may happen sooner than you think. — Всё может случиться гораздо раньше, чем вы предполагаете.

Syn:

anticipate, suspect 3.

6) рассуждать, делать выводы

Syn:

reason 2.

7) одобрять, высказывать одобрение

I didn't think much of the new car. — Мне не очень-то понравилась новая машина.

Syn:

approve

8) (think about / of) заботиться о (ком-л. / чём-л.), считаться с (кем-л./ чем-л.)

to think only of oneself — думать только о себе

9) (think about / of) подумывать о (чём-л.), намереваться (сделать что-л.)

to think of marrying — собираться жениться

I must be thinking of going — мне пора собираться

•

- think again
- think away
- think aloud
- think back
- think fit
- think nothing of
- think much of
- think on
- think out
- think over
- think through
- think up
••

to think no end of smb. — очень высоко ценить кого-л.

to think outside the box — амер. мыслить нестандартно, избегать шаблонов, предлагать оригинальное решение

- I don't think
- think the world of
- think better of 2. сущ.
размышление

I must have a think. — Мне надо подумать

You've got another think coming. — Тебе придётся ещё раз подумать.

Англо-русский современный словарь > think
19 that

[ðæt,ðət] pron

dem

1) (thing, person over there) das;

I don't want this - give me \that ich möchte nicht das - gib' mir das;

\that's not right - three times five is fifteen not sixteen das stimmt nicht - drei Mal fünf ist fünfzehn, nicht sechzehn;

who's \that? is \that the girl you're looking for? wer ist das? ist das das Mädchen, das du suchst?;

\that's his wife over there das da drüben ist seine Frau

2) ( indicating time)

\that was yesterday that we talked on the phone, not last week wir haben gestern, nicht letzte Woche telefoniert!;

ah, 1985, \that was a good year ah, 1985, das war ein gutes Jahr

3) ( familiar referent) das;

who's \that on the phone? wer spricht?;

hello, is \that Ben? hallo, ist da Ben?;

is \that you making all the noise, John? machst du so einen Lärm, John?;

\that was a difficult problem to resolve dieses Problem war schwierig zu lösen;

\that's a good idea das ist eine gute Idee

4) after prep

before \that davor;

after \that danach;

like \that derartig;

we need more people like \that wir brauchen mehr derartige Leute;

don't talk like \that sprich nicht so ( fam);

he can't just leave like \that er kann nicht einfach so verschwinden

5) (form: the one)

his appearance was \that of an undergrown man er sah aus, als ob er zu klein gewachsen wäre;

his handwriting is like \that of a child seine Handschrift gleicht der eines Kindes;

we are often afraid of \that which we cannot understand wir fürchten uns oft vor dem, was wir nicht verstehen

6) ( with an action) das;

why did you do \that? warum hast du das gemacht?;

if you hold it like \that, it will break wenn du das so hältst, wird es kaputtgehen;

\that's more like it das ist doch gleich schon viel besser!;

you switch the computer on at the back - \that's it schalte den Computer auf der Rückseite an - ja, so;

\that will do [or \that's enough] das reicht;

he gave his mom a kiss and with \that drove off to college er küsste seine Mutter und fuhr dann zum College;

( when hitting sb)

take \that! für dich!

7) ( with a situation)

\that is [to say] das heißt;

the hotel is closed during low season, \that is from October to March das Hotel ist in der Nebensaison, also von Oktober bis März, geschlossen

8) ( the previous thing) das;

I heard \that! das habe ich gehört!;

I just said \that because... ich habe das nur gesagt, weil...;

it's just a gimmick - \that said, I'd love to do it das ist nur ein Trick - dennoch würde ich es gerne machen;

the garage still isn't finished - \that's builders for you die Garage ist noch immer nicht fertig - typisch Bauarbeiter!;

\that's why... deshalb;

\that's terrible das ist ja furchtbar;

\that's a pity das ist aber schade

9) ( esp Brit) (fam: expressing strong agreement)

are you relieved? - oh yes, I am \that bist du erleichtert? - das kannst du [aber] laut sagen

10) (which, who) der/die/das;

that's the car [\that] John wants to buy das ist das Auto, das John kaufen möchte;

I can't find the books [\that] I got from the library ich finde die Bücher nicht, die ich mir von der Bibliothek ausgeliehen habe;

the baby smiles at anyone \that smiles at her das Baby lächelt alle an, die es anlächeln;

( as formerly known)

General Dunstaple married Miss Hughes \that was General Dunstaple heiratete die frühere Miss Hughes

11) ( when) als;

the year \that Anna was born das Jahr, in dem Anna geboren wurde

12) ( when finished)

well, \that's it, we've finished o.k., das war's, wir sind fertig;

\that's it - I'm not putting up with any more of her rudeness jetzt reicht's! - ich lasse mir ihre Unverschämtheit nicht mehr gefallen;

she left the room and \that was \that, I never saw her again sie verließ den Raum und das war's, ich sah sie nie wieder;

I won't agree to it and \that's \that ich stimme dem nicht zu, und damit Schluss;

\that'll do das wird reichen;

do you need anything else? - no thanks, \that'll do brauchst du sonst noch etwas? - nein danke, das ist alles

PHRASES:

this and \that dies und das;

at \that noch dazu;

she was a thief and a clever one at \that sie war eine Diebin, und eine kluge noch dazu;

and [all] \that ( fam) und so weiter conj

1) ( as subject/ as object) dass;

\that such a wonderful thing could happen,... dass etwas so Wunderbares passieren konnte,...;

I knew [\that] he'd never get here on time ich wusste, dass er niemals rechtzeitig hier sein würde;

the fact is [\that] we... Fakt ist, dass wir...

2) after adj/vb ( as result)

it was so dark [\that] I couldn't see anything es war so dunkel, dass ich nichts sehen konnte

3) ( with a purpose)

let's go over the rules again in order \that... gehen wir die Regeln nochmal[s] durch, damit...

4) after adj ( in apposition to it)

it's possible [\that] there'll be a vacancy es ist möglich, dass eine Stelle frei wird;

is it true [\that] she's gone back to teaching? stimmt es, dass sie wieder als Lehrerin arbeitet?

5) after participle

supposing [\that]... angenommen, dass...;

considering [\that]... wenn man bedenkt, dass...;

given \that vorausgesetzt, dass

6) ( as reason) weil, da [ja];

not \that I have any objection nicht, dass ich etwas dagegenhätte;

it's rather \that I'm not well today es ist eher deshalb, weil ich mich heute nicht wohl fühle;

I'd like to go - it's just \that I don't have any time ich würde ja gern hingehen - ich hab' bloß [einfach] keine Zeit;

now \that we've bought a house jetzt, wo wir ein Haus gekauft haben;

we can't increase our production quantities in \that the machines are presently working to full capacity wir können die Produktion nicht hochfahren, da [nämlich] die Maschinen derzeit voll ausgelastet sind;

except [\that] außer, dass;

his plan sounds perfect except [\that] I don't want to be involved in such a scheme sein Plan hört sich großartig an, nur will ich mit so einem Vorhaben nichts zu tun haben;

to the extent \that in dem Maße wie;

apes are like people to the extent \that they have some human characteristics Affen sind wie Menschen, insofern [als] sie gewisse menschliche Eigenschaften haben

7) ( however)

where do you get your hair cut? - not \that it really matters wo lässt du dir die Haare schneiden? - nicht, dass es sonderlich wichtig wäre;

not \that it's actually my business, but... nicht, dass es mich etwas anginge, aber...

8) (form, liter dated: expressing a wish)

oh \that I were young again! wäre ich [doch] nochmal jung!;

oh \that they would listen! wenn sie [doch] nur zuhören würden! adv

inv so;

she's too young to walk \that far sie ist zu jung, um so weit laufen zu können;

it wasn't [all] \that good so gut war es auch wieder nicht;

it hurt me \that much I cried es hat mich so verletzt, dass ich weinte

English-German students dictionary > that
20 Psychology

   1) The Knowledge of Ourselves

   We come therefore now to that knowledge whereunto the ancient oracle directeth us, which is the knowledge of ourselves; which deserveth the more accurate handling, by how much it toucheth us more nearly. This knowledge, as it is the end and term of natural philosophy in the intention of man, so notwithstanding it is but a portion of natural philosophy in the continent of nature.... [W]e proceed to human philosophy or Humanity, which hath two parts: the one considereth man segregate, or distributively; the other congregate, or in society. So as Human philosophy is either Simple and Particular, or Conjugate and Civil. Humanity Particular consisteth of the same parts whereof man consisteth; that is, of knowledges which respect the Body, and of knowledges that respect the Mind... how the one discloseth the other and how the one worketh upon the other... [:] the one is honored with the inquiry of Aristotle, and the other of Hippocrates. (Bacon, 1878, pp. 236-237)

   2) As a Science, Psychology Is Distinct

   The claims of Psychology to rank as a distinct science are... not smaller but greater than those of any other science. If its phenomena are contemplated objectively, merely as nervo-muscular adjustments by which the higher organisms from moment to moment adapt their actions to environing co-existences and sequences, its degree of specialty, even then, entitles it to a separate place. The moment the element of feeling, or consciousness, is used to interpret nervo-muscular adjustments as thus exhibited in the living beings around, objective Psychology acquires an additional, and quite exceptional, distinction. (Spencer, 1896, p. 141)

   3) Psychology Can Never Be an Exact Natural Science

   Kant once declared that psychology was incapable of ever raising itself to the rank of an exact natural science. The reasons that he gives... have often been repeated in later times. In the first place, Kant says, psychology cannot become an exact science because mathematics is inapplicable to the phenomena of the internal sense; the pure internal perception, in which mental phenomena must be constructed,-time,-has but one dimension. In the second place, however, it cannot even become an experimental science, because in it the manifold of internal observation cannot be arbitrarily varied,-still less, another thinking subject be submitted to one's experiments, comformably to the end in view; moreover, the very fact of observation means alteration of the observed object. (Wundt, 1904, p. 6)

   4) How a " Mathematical" Psychology May Be Realized in Practice

   It is [Gustav] Fechner's service to have found and followed the true way; to have shown us how a "mathematical psychology" may, within certain limits, be realized in practice.... He was the first to show how Herbart's idea of an "exact psychology" might be turned to practical account. (Wundt, 1904, pp. 6-7)

   5) The Rights of Psychology as Science

   "Mind," "intellect," "reason," "understanding," etc. are concepts... that existed before the advent of any scientific psychology. The fact that the naive consciousness always and everywhere points to internal experience as a special source of knowledge, may, therefore, be accepted for the moment as sufficient testimony to the rights of psychology as science.... "Mind," will accordingly be the subject, to which we attribute all the separate facts of internal observation as predicates. The subject itself is determined p. 17) wholly and exclusively by its predicates. (Wundt, 1904,

   6) The Study of Animal Psychology

   The study of animal psychology may be approached from two different points of view. We may set out from the notion of a kind of comparative physiology of mind, a universal history of the development of mental life in the organic world. Or we may make human psychology the principal object of investigation. Then, the expressions of mental life in animals will be taken into account only so far as they throw light upon the evolution of consciousness in man.... Human psychology... may confine itself altogether to man, and generally has done so to far too great an extent. There are plenty of psychological text-books from which you would hardly gather that there was any other conscious life than the human. (Wundt, 1907, pp. 340-341)

   7) The Behaviorist's Formulation

   The Behaviorist began his own formulation of the problem of psychology by sweeping aside all medieval conceptions. He dropped from his scientific vocabulary all subjective terms such as sensation, perception, image, desire, purpose, and even thinking and emotion as they were subjectively defined. (Watson, 1930, pp. 5-6)

   8) Man Is a Microcosm

   According to the medieval classification of the sciences, psychology is merely a chapter of special physics, although the most important chapter; for man is a microcosm; he is the central figure of the universe. (deWulf, 1956, p. 125)

   9) Brief Overview of Psychology's History

   At the beginning of this century the prevailing thesis in psychology was Associationism.... Behavior proceeded by the stream of associations: each association produced its successors, and acquired new attachments with the sensations arriving from the environment.

   In the first decade of the century a reaction developed to this doctrine through the work of the Wurzburg school. Rejecting the notion of a completely self-determining stream of associations, it introduced the task ( Aufgabe) as a necessary factor in describing the process of thinking. The task gave direction to thought. A noteworthy innovation of the Wurzburg school was the use of systematic introspection to shed light on the thinking process and the contents of consciousness. The result was a blend of mechanics and phenomenalism, which gave rise in turn to two divergent antitheses, Behaviorism and the Gestalt movement. The behavioristic reaction insisted that introspection was a highly unstable, subjective procedure.... Behaviorism reformulated the task of psychology as one of explaining the response of organisms as a function of the stimuli impinging upon them and measuring both objectively. However, Behaviorism accepted, and indeed reinforced, the mechanistic assumption that the connections between stimulus and response were formed and maintained as simple, determinate functions of the environment.

   The Gestalt reaction took an opposite turn. It rejected the mechanistic nature of the associationist doctrine but maintained the value of phenomenal observation. In many ways it continued the Wurzburg school's insistence that thinking was more than association-thinking has direction given to it by the task or by the set of the subject. Gestalt psychology elaborated this doctrine in genuinely new ways in terms of holistic principles of organization.

   Today psychology lives in a state of relatively stable tension between the poles of Behaviorism and Gestalt psychology.... (Newell & Simon, 1963, pp. 279-280)

    10) Psychological Research Is Not Building toward Systematic Clarity

   As I examine the fate of our oppositions, looking at those already in existence as guide to how they fare and shape the course of science, it seems to me that clarity is never achieved. Matters simply become muddier and muddier as we go down through time. Thus, far from providing the rungs of a ladder by which psychology gradually climbs to clarity, this form of conceptual structure leads rather to an ever increasing pile of issues, which we weary of or become diverted from, but never really settle. (Newell, 1973b, pp. 288-289)

    11) Psychology as a Scientific Discipline

   The subject matter of psychology is as old as reﬂection. Its broad practical aims are as dated as human societies. Human beings, in any period, have not been indifferent to the validity of their knowledge, unconcerned with the causes of their behavior or that of their prey and predators. Our distant ancestors, no less than we, wrestled with the problems of social organization, child rearing, competition, authority, individual differences, personal safety. Solving these problems required insights-no matter how untutored-into the psychological dimensions of life. Thus, if we are to follow the convention of treating psychology as a young discipline, we must have in mind something other than its subject matter. We must mean that it is young in the sense that physics was young at the time of Archimedes or in the sense that geometry was "founded" by Euclid and "fathered" by Thales. Sailing vessels were launched long before Archimedes discovered the laws of bouyancy [ sic], and pillars of identical circumference were constructed before anyone knew that C IID. We do not consider the ship builders and stone cutters of antiquity physicists and geometers. Nor were the ancient cave dwellers psychologists merely because they rewarded the good conduct of their children. The archives of folk wisdom contain a remarkable collection of achievements, but craft-no matter how perfected-is not science, nor is a litany of successful accidents a discipline. If psychology is young, it is young as a scientific discipline but it is far from clear that psychology has attained this status. (Robinson, 1986, p. 12)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Psychology

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